精彩导读
第1章
语法填空
考试分析
01 语法填空考试能力分析
考生不仅要了解词汇的形式、意义以及语法结构，还要能在具体情境中正确地使用词汇以及语
法结构。在解答语法填空时，需要了解单词的词性、词形及其所作成分。
02 语法填空考点分布情况
名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词这五类词能独立在句子中充当成分，都有词形变化；介词和冠
词不能独立承担句子成分，没有词形变化。
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第1章 语法填空
3
1.1 名词
1. 名词的概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
2. 名词的位置：名词在句中主要充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语，不同的成分在
句中的位置也是不一样的。
在解题过程中，考生可根据设空处所处的位置来判断词性：
（1）作主语，位于动词前：Gold is of much value. 黄金很有价值。
n. v.
（2）作宾语，位于及物动词后：John has a dog. 约翰有一只狗。
v. n.
（3）作宾语补足语，位于名词和代词后：We selected Li Ming monitor. 我们选李明当班长。
n. n.
（4）作介词宾语，位于介词后：Mother went to the market. 妈妈去了市场。
prep. n.
（5）作表语，位于系动词后：I am a student. 我是一名学生。
link-v. n.
（6）作定语，位于名词后：a story book故事书。
attri. n.
（7）作状语，表示时间、地点等：See you next week. 下周见。
n.
其他：
→ 位于形容词或形容词性物主代词后。
→ 位于限定词后，如a/an/the，this/that，some/any/all，many/much/little/few等，
3. 名词复数的变化规则：
（1）一般情况直接加s。
（2）以s、x、sh、ch结尾加es。
（3）以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加s；以辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为i，加es。
（4）以-f/-fe结尾的名词词尾，直接加s；特殊情况变-f/-fe为v加-es，该类词有knife、thief、
shelf、life、self、half、leaf等。
核心笔记
考点1：名词单复数
解题步骤
第一步：判断词性（根据设空处所处位置判断为名词）。
第二步：确定单复数。主要根据设空处前的限定词、句意或设空处后的动词单复数决定。
特别注意：
（1）常见的不可数名词：
furniture（家具），equipment（设备），luggage（行李），information（信息），advice（建议），
knowledge（知识），evidence（证据），progress（进步）等。
（2） 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词：chicken（“鸡”可数/“鸡肉”不可数），work（“作品”
可数/“工作”不可数），experience（“经历”可数/“经验”不可数），paper（“报纸”可数/
“纸”不可数）等。
【1】 （2022·新高考I·62·） The GPNP’s
main goal is to improve connectivity between
separate __________ (population) and homes
of giant pandas.
【2】 （2021·新高考I·57·） The rolling sea of
clouds you see once you are at the top will
remind you how tiny we __________ (human)
are.
【3】 （2021·全国甲·69·） Supposedly you
can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the
different gates and __________ (watchtower)
to take pictures.
【4】 （2021·全国乙·69·） __________ (activity)
there range from whale watching to hiking
(远足) and accommodations aim to have a low
impact on the natural environment.
【5】 （2021·北京·11·） Scientists aren’t
completely sure, and they have diverse
__________ (idea).
【6】 （2020·新高考II·59·） Also, technological
know-how has become a requirement for most
jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the
computer has become a common tool in most
__________ (profession).
【7】 （2020·北京·7·） Now, lots of __________
(country) and regions are taking action to ban
the sale of such bags to stop people using
them.
【8】 （2020.7·浙江·62·） Later, they learned
to work with the __________ (season), planting
at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of
annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
【9】 （2020.1·浙江·58·） For Japan, the
__________ (number) are more striking—22
in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
【10】 （2019·北京·6·） No matter what you
like to do, there is a way to get involved in
various __________ (activity) on Earth Day.
【11】 （2018·全国 I·67·） Two of the authors
of the review also made a study published in
2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a
day of running reduced the risk of heart disease
and early deaths from all __________ (cause).
【12】 （2018.11·浙江·64·） One study showed
that __________ (woman) who drank a lot of
coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while
they were pregnant were more likely to have
children with birth defects.
【13】 （2018.6·浙江·56·） Making Chinese
__________ (dish) is seen as especially
troublesome.
【14】 （2017·全国 I·62·） This trend, which
was started by the medical community (医学
界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has
had some unintended side __________ (effect)
such as overweight and heart disease—the very
thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【15】 （2017·全国 II·61·） It ran for just under
seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid
terrible __________ (crowd) on the roads above
as they travelled to and from work.
【16】 （2017·全国 III·67·） She has turned
down several __________ (invitation) to star at
shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【17】 （2017.11·浙江·58·） You wouldn’t think
that a few __________ (month) of exercise in
your teens would be enough for the rest of your
life.
【18】 （2017.6·浙江·56·） Last October, while
tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena
Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small
__________ (carrot) and was about to throw
them away.
考点2：词性转换
解题步骤
第一步：判断词性（根据设空处所处位置判断为名词）。
第二步：注意名词正确形式以及单复数。
【19】 （2022·全国甲·65·） Cao and Wu also
collected garbage along the road, in order to
promote environmental __________ (protect).
【20】 （2022·全国乙·65·） As a main promoter
of the International Tea Day, the birthplace
of tea and the largest tea-producing country,
China has a __________ (responsible) to work
with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.
【21】 （2022.1·浙江·64·） When the answer
was no, she declined the __________ (invite).
【22】 （2021·新高考II·64·） A company
__________ (represent) wrote back and told
me the airline was switching over the plastic
to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【23】 （2021·全国乙·62·） It is different
from traditional tourism because it allows the
traveler to become educated about the areas
and often provides money for conservation
and benefits the __________ (develop) of the
local areas.
【24】 （2021.6·浙江·58·） In 1844 they bought
it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,
who performed their __________ (marry)
ceremony in 1842.
【25】 （2020·新高考I·44·） Historical __________
(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【26】 （2020·新高考II·58·） Also, technological
know-how has become a __________ (require)
for most jobs in an increasingly digital world,
as the computer has become a common tool in
most professions.
【27】 （2020·全国I·64·） The far side of the
moon is of particular __________ (interesting)
to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters
(环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
【28】 （2020·全国II·61·） Chinese New Year
is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end of
the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【29】 （2020·全国III·64·） Filled with __________
(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【30】 （2019·全国I·66·） In recent years some
Inuit people in Nunavut have reported
increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a __________ (believe)
that populations are increasing.
【31】 （2019·全国III·66·） When they were
free from work, they invited us to local events
and let us know of an interesting __________
(compete) to watch, together with the story
behind it.
【32】 （2019.6·浙江·64·） Other American
studies showed no __________ (connect)
between uniforms and school performance.
【33】 （2018·全国II·66·） This switch
has decreased __________ (pollute) in the
country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made
drinking water safer for people.
【34】 （2018·全国 III·66·） I’m a __________
(science) who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys.
【35】 （2018.6·浙江·64·） Researchers have
found that there is a direct link between the
increase in food eaten outside the home and
the rise in __________ (weigh) problems.
【36】 （2017·全国 II·69·） This development
was only possible with the __________
(introduce) of electric-powered engines and
lifts.
【37】 （2017·全国 III·66·） She is determined
to carry on with her __________ (educate).
考点3：词义辨析
解题步骤
第一步：判断词性（根据设空处所处位置判断为名词）。
第二步：明确选项释义。
第三步：基于句意选择合适的词汇。
【38】 （2021.6·天津·9·） In the lab, keeping
things clean and organized can help provide a
safer _____.
A. system B. method
C. investment D. environment
【39】 （2021.3·天津·7·） Great improvements
in public health have been brought about by
_____ in medical science.
A. traditions B. advances
C. pressures D. examples
【40】 （2020·江苏·33·） The health security
systems of many countries are undergoing
considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation
C. distinction D. submission
【41】 （2020.5·天津·2·） His vivid descriptions
of country life quickly became popular, which
established his ______ as one of America’s
greatest writers.
A. trust B. contact
C. reputation D. theory
【42】 （2019·江苏·26·） Nowadays the _____
for travelling is shifted from shopping to food
and scenery.
A. priority B. potential
C. proportion D. pension
【43】 （2019.6·天津·7·） We can observe that
artificial intelligence has already made a(n)
_____ on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【44】 （2019.3·天津·11·） People believe
writing poems provides a _____ through which
they can express their feelings.
A. shelter B. source
C. channel D. background
【45】 （2018·江苏·32·） Try to understand
what’s actually happening instead of acting on
the _____ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【46】 （2018.6·天津·6·） The _____ that there
is life on other planets in the universe has always
inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【47】 （2017.3·天津·7·） The newspaper gave
an exact _____ of what happened the night
before last.
A. example B. display
C. signal D. account
1.2 形容词
形容词的位置：形容词修饰名词，在句中主要充当定语、表语和宾补，不同成分在句中的位
置不一样：
（1）作定语，位于限定词后名词前：He lives in an old house.
n.
（2）作表语，位于系动词后：John felt tired.
link-v. adj.
（3）作宾补，位于动宾结构后：They make me angry.
adj.
（4）位于how后，构成感叹句：How interesting the story is!
adj.
核心笔记
考点1：词性转换
解题步骤
第一步：判断词性（根据设空处所处位置判断为形容词）。
第二步：注意形容词正确形式。
特别注意：-ly结尾的形容词，如daily（每日的），lonely（孤独的），deadly（致命的），lovely（可爱的）。
【48】 （2022·全国甲·66·） Cao believes this
will make the hiking trip even more __________
(meaning).
【49】 （2022·新高考II·58·） They both fell
__________ (sleep) while watching TV.
【50】 （2021·新高考I·63·） Though it is the
only unnatural thing on your way up the
mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure
and offers a place where you can sit down to
rest your __________ (ache) legs.
【51】 （2021·新高考II·61·） I told him how
__________ (harm) plastic could be to the
environment and asked him to consider using
more eco-friendly options.
【52】 （2021·全国甲·70·） Supposedly you
can do it in two hours, but we stopped at
the different gates and watchtowers to take
pictures or just to watch the local people going
about their __________ (day) routines.
【53】 （2021·全国乙·61·） It is different from
traditional tourism because it allows the
traveler to become __________ (educate)
about the areas and often provides money for
conservation and benefits the development of
the local areas.
【54】 （2021·全国乙·68·） Provide __________
(finance) aid and other benefits for local
peoples.
【55】 （2020·新高考I·36·） In the 18th and
19th centuries, __________ (wealth) people
travelled and collected plants, historical
objects and works of art.
【56】 （2020·新高考II·57·） At the same time,
computer games are becoming increasingly
popular as major publishing houses continue
to develop __________ (education) computer
programs for children in preschool.
【57】 （2020·全国II·69·） The __________
(beauty) long branches covered with
pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic
decorations.
【58】 （2020·北京·2·） Oliver says if you’re
__________ (luck) enough to have someone
close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them
whether you can join in when it’s possible.
【59】 （2019·全国II·70·） It’s _______ (wonder).
【60】 （2019·全国III·67·） They also shared
with us many __________ (tradition) stories
about Hawaii that were hugely popular with
tourists.
【61】 （2019·北京·10·） Students should have a
proper attitude towards college before thinking
about which college to attend, and it’s never
too early to make necessary preparations for
a healthy and __________ (meaning) college
experience.
【62】 （2019.6·浙江·65·） School uniforms
are __________ (tradition) in Britain, but some
schools are starting to get rid of them.
【63】 （2018·全国 I·69·） Running is cheap,
easy and it’s always __________(energy).
【64】 （2018·全国 II·67·） According to the
World Bank, China accounts for about 30
percent of total __________ (globe) fertilizer
consumption.
【65】 （2018.6·浙江·62·） The obvious one is
money; eating out once or twice a week may
be __________ (afford) but doing this most
days adds up.
【66】 （2017·全国 I·69·） However, be __________
(care) not to go to extremes.
【67】 （2017·全国 II·70·） The Central London
Railway was one of the most __________
(success) of these new lines, and was opened
in 1900.
【68】 （2017.11·浙江·60·） One of the __________
(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read
good books.
【69】 （2017.6·浙江·57·） But something
made her look closer, and she noticed a
__________ (shine) object.
考点2：比较级和最高级
解题步骤
第一步：判断词性（根据设空处所处位置判断为形容词）。
第二步：判断比较级和最高级。当出现标志词than时，基本可判断为比较级；当出现the时，基本
可判断为最高级。
特别注意：
（1）“the +比较级，the+比较级”句型：The harder you work, the more you will get.
（2）far、even等状语常修饰比较级：far better更好、even worse更糟。
【70】 （2023.1·浙江·62·） Their siheyuan
were far smaller in scale and __________
(simple) in design and decoration, and the
hutongs were narrower.
【71】 （2022·全国甲·68·） In 2016, he reached
the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___________
(high) mountain.
【72】 （2022·全国乙·64·） As a main promoter
of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of
tea and the __________ (large) tea-producing
country, China has a responsibility to work
with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.
【73】 （2021·全国甲·65·） After spending
some time looking at all the defensive
equipment at the wall, we decided it was time
for some action and what __________ (good)
than to ride on a piece of history!
【74】 （2021·新高考I·59·） The amazing thing
about the spring is that the colder the temperature
gets, the __________ (hot) the spring!
【75】 （2021·6·浙江·59·） When the house
was built, it was much __________ (small)
than it is today.
【76】 （2021.1·浙江·65·） This may be due
to some disadvantages for people living in
the countryside, including __________ (low)
levels of income and education, higher costs
of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【77】 （2020·全国III·62·） One day the emperor
wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he
called all great artists to come and present
their __________ (fine) work, so that he could
choose the best.
【78】 （2020.1·浙江·61·） The first is declining
birth rates, which means old generations
are large compared to younger generations,
and so, on average, the population becomes
__________ (old) than before.
【79】 （2020·北京·10·） They were much
stronger than modern humans, but it’s long
been assumed that human ancestors were
__________ (smart) than the Neanderthals.
【80】 （2019·全国I·68·） Scientists have
responded by noting that hungry bears may be
congregating (聚集) around human settlements,
leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations
are __________ (high) than they actually are.
【81】 （2018·全国 I·61·） According to
a review of evidence in a medical journal,
runners live three years __________ (long) than
non-runners.
【82】 （2018·全国III·63·） He screams the
__________ (loud) of all.
【83】 （2018.6·浙江·63·） There could be an
even __________ (high) cost on your health.
【84】 （2017·全国I·66·） Even __________
(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat
goes up.
考点3：词义辨析
解题步骤
第一步：判断词性（根据设空处所处位置判断为形容词）。
第二步：明确选项释义。
第三步：基于句意选择合适的词汇。
【85】 （2021.6·天津·6·） It’s a good idea to
choose a(n) _____ destination in case your
first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A. annual B. exact
C. alternative D. pleasant
【86】 （2021.3·天津·4·） While rock-climbing,
you need to remain very _____ so that you won’t
make any dangerous errors.
A. satisfied B. focused
C. amused D. delighted
【87】 （2020·江苏·29·） The outbreak of
Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our
life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt
C. allergic D. authentic
【88】 （2020.7·天津·7·） According to Professor
