Translator's Introduction
Preface to the First Edition
INTRODUCTION
Chapter
I. A Glance at the History of Linguistics
II. Subject Matter and Scope of Linguistics; Its Relations with Other Sciences
III. Object of Linguistics
1. Definition of Language
2. Place of Language in the Facts of Speech
3. Place of Language in Human Facts; Semiology
IV. Linguistics of Language and Linguistics of Speaking
V. Internal and External Elements of Language
VI. Graphic Representation of Language
1. Need for Studying the Subject
2. Influence of Writing; Reason for Its Ascendancy over the Spoken Form
3. Systems of Writing
4. Reasons for the Discrepancy between Writing and Pronunciation
5. Results of the Discrepancy
VII. Phonology
1. Definition
2. Phonological Writing
3. Validity of Evidence Furnished by Writing
APPENDIX PRINCIPLES OF PHONOLOGY
Chapter
I. Phonological Species
1. Definition of the Phoneme
2. The Vocal Apparatus and its Functioning
3. Classification of Sounds According to Their Oral Articulation
II. Phonemes in the Spoken Chain
1. Need for Studying Sounds in the Spoken Chain
2. Implosion and Explosion
3. Different Combinations of Explosions and Implosions in the Chain
4. Syllabic Boundary and Vocalic Peak
5. Criticism of Theories of Syllabication
6. Length of Implosion and Explosion
7. Phonemes of Aperture 4; Diphthongs; Questions about Transcription
Editor's Note
PART ONE GENERAL PRINCIPLES
I. Nature of the Linguistic Sign
1. Sign, Signified, Signifier
2. Principle I: The Arbitrary Nature of the Sign
3. Principle II: The Linear Nature of the Signifier
II. Immutability and Mutability of the Sign
1. Immutability
2. Mutability
III. Static and Evolutionary Linguistics
1. Inner Duality of All Sciences Concerned with Values
2. Inner Duality and the History of Linguistics
3. Inner Duality Illustrated by Examples
4. The Difference between the Two Classes Illustrated by Comparisons
