西门子SIMATIC WinCC使用指南（上、下册）

本书延续了第1版深入浅出的编写思路，以任务为导向，通过精准的理论说明和实际操作步骤，全面地介绍了SIMATIC WinCC V8的使用方法。本书详细地介绍了WinCC的软件安装及入门指南，并针对WinCC的核心功能进行了详细的理论说明，使读者能够充分地了解WinCC的工作机制及原理。每章末均结合实际应用经验，通过逐步实现的方式，清晰地呈现任务实现的完整过程，从而帮助读者轻松掌握WinCC的各项功能。同时，本书以条目ID的方式嵌入了基于西门子官方总结出的用户常见问题，并提供了官方相关FAQ链接，以方便读者查阅。 本书可以帮助工控行业用户中的新手快速入门，也可供具有相关WinCC使用经验的工程师借鉴和参考，以提高使用水平，还可用作大专院校相关专业师生的学习资料。

本书由西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司精心组织编撰，由西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司工业自动化领域深耕逾十年的资深工程师编著。

序 前言 如何使用本书 第1 章　SIMATIC WinCC 概述 ················ 1 1.1　简介 ················································1 1.2　SIMATIC WinCC ·································2 1.3　SIMATIC TIA 博途WinCC ····················5 1.4　SIMATIC TIA 博途WinCC Unified ··········6 1.5　SIMATIC WinCC OA ····························7 第2 章　软件安装 ································· 8 2.1　SIMATIC WinCC 兼容性 ·······················8 2.2　SIMATIC WinCC 安装要求 ····················9 2.2.1　SIMATIC WinCC 交付组件范围 ·········9 2.2.2　许可证 ······································ 10 2.2.3　安装的硬件要求 ·························· 11 2.2.4　安装的软件要求 ·························· 12 2.2.5　操作系统中的访问权限 ·················· 14 2.3　安装WinCC ····································· 14 2.3.1　如何安装微软消息队列 ·················· 14 2.3.2　如何安装WinCC ·························· 15 2.3.3　WinCC 注意事项 ·························· 20 2.3.4　如何卸载WinCC ·························· 21 第3 章　入门指南 ······························· 22 3.1　第一个 WinCC 项目 ··························· 22 3.2　创建项目 ········································ 23 3.3　组态通信 ········································ 25 3.3.1　组态通信连接及外部变量 ··············· 25 3.3.2　组态变量组及内部变量 ·················· 27 3.4　组态报警消息 ·································· 28 3.4.1　组态离散量消息 ·························· 28 3.4.2　组态模拟量消息 ·························· 30 3.5　组态过程值归档和组态归档变量 ··········· 32 3.5.1　组态过程值归档 ·························· 32 3.5.2　组态归档变量 ····························· 32 3.6　组态用户管理 ·································· 34 3.6.1　创建用户组 ································ 34 3.6.2　添加组权限 ································ 35 3.6.3　创建用户 ··································· 35 3.7　组态过程画面 ·································· 36 3.7.1　创建所需画面 ····························· 36 3.7.2　组态主画面 ································ 37 3.7.3　组态流程画面 ····························· 52 3.7.4　组态报警画面 ····························· 62 3.7.5　组态趋势画面 ····························· 63 3.8　激活测试 ········································ 66 3.8.1　激活前工作 ································ 66 3.8.2　激活并测试项目 ·························· 66 第4 章　使用项目 ······························· 68 4.1　项目类型 ········································ 68 4.1.1　单用户项目 ································ 68 4.1.2　多用户项目 ································ 68 4.1.3　客户机项目 ································ 69 4.2　项目创建及配置 ······························· 69 4.2.1　WinCC 项目管理器 ······················· 69 4.2.2　创建项目前的准备 ························ 73 4.2.3　创建项目 ··································· 73 4.2.4　设置计算机属性 ·························· 75 4.2.5　设置全局设计 ····························· 83 4.2.6　加载在线更改 ····························· 87 4.3　项目运行 ········································ 90 4.3.1　启动WinCC 运行系统 ··················· 90 4.3.2　设置自动启动 ····························· 91 4.3.3　设置服务模式 ····························· 93 4.4　项目复制 ········································ 94 4.4.1　另存项目 ··································· 95 4.4.2　为冗余服务器复制项目 ·················· 96 4.5　任务实现 ········································ 96 4.6　扩展信息 ·······································107 4.6.1　系统托盘中的WinCC 状态和选项 ···107 4.6.2　常见问题 ·································· 110 第5 章　WinCC 过程数据通信 ·············· 112 5.1　WinCC 过程通信原理 ························ 112 5.2　WinCC 过程通信驱动 ························ 115 5.2.1　西门子通信驱动 ························· 116 5.2.2　第三方通信驱动 ·························131 5.2.3　OPC 通道 ··································135 5.2.4　“System Info ”通道 ···················18 5.3　WinCC 变量 ····································139 5.3.1　外部变量 ··································139 5.3.2　内部变量 ··································145 5.3.3　系统变量 ··································145 5.4　WinCC 变量组态 ······························147 5.4.1　变量命名规则 ····························147 5.4.2　WinCC Configuration Studio ···········148 5.4.3　变量组 ·····································151 5.4.4　结构类型和结构变量 ····················152 5.4.5　变量的导出/ 导入 ·······················155 5.5　WinCC 过程通信应用示例 ··················156 5.5.1　 WinCC 与SIMATIC S7-1500 通信的 组态 ········································156 5.5.2　 WinCC 与SIMATIC S7-300 通信的 组态 ········································175 5.5.3　 WinCC“Modbus TCPIP”通信的 组态 ········································180 5.5.4　WinCC“OPC UA”通信的组态 ······188 5.6　WinCC 过程通信故障的诊断 ···············198 5.6.1　驱动程序连接状态 ·······················198 5.6.2　WinCC“通道诊断” ·····················199 5.6.3　WinCC 系统诊断 ·························204 5.6.4　日志诊断 ··································205 5.6.5　变量状态诊断 ····························206 第6 章　WinCC 图形系统 ····················209 6.1　WinCC 图形组态系统 ························209 6.1.1　 WinCC 项目管理器中的图形编 辑器 ········································209 6.1.2　图形编辑器 ·······························213 6.1.3　使用对象和控件 ·························222 6.1.4　过程画面动态化 ·························228 6.1.5　面板及画面窗口 ·························233 6.2　WinCC 图形运行系统 ························235 6.2.1　触控操作 ··································235 6.2.2　菜单和工具栏 ····························235 6.2.3　虚拟键盘 ··································237 6.3　图形系统应用示例 ····························238 6.3.1　组态界面系统标题 ·······················238 6.3.2　使用中央调色板颜色 ····················241 6.3.3　 通过控件实现监控系统所需的辅助 功能 ········································241 6.3.4　使用动画周期触发器 ····················244 6.3.5　使用面板 ··································244 6.3.6　使用画面窗口 ····························250 6.3.7　显示/ 隐藏画面对象 ····················253 第7 章　WinCC 消息系统 ····················259 7.1　WinCC 消息的生命周期 ·····················259 7.1.1　消息系统的介绍 ·························259 7.1.2　消息经历的过程 ·························259 7.1.3　实时消息和归档消息 ····················260 7.2　WinCC 消息的触发 ···························261 7.2.1　离散量消息 ·······························261 7.2.2　模拟量消息 ·······························261 7.2.3　系统消息 ··································264 7.2.4　AS 消息 ····································265 7.2.5　OPC 消息 ··································267 7.2.6　操作员消息 ·······························274 7.3　WinCC 报警消息的状态 ·····················274 7.3.1　“ 确认到达”和“确认离开”的 消息 ········································274 7.3.2　“确认到达”的消息 ·····················275 7.3.3　不带“确认到达”的消息 ··············276 7.3.4　“不带离开”的消息 ·····················276 7.3.5　 无“确认到达”并且“不带离开” 的消息 ·····································277 7.4　WinCC 消息的显示及输出 ··················277 7.4.1　消息视图 ··································277 7.4.2　在趋势控件中显示模拟量消息 ········287 7.4.3　消息类别和消息类型 ····················287 7.4.4　消息组 ·····································293 7.4.5　声音报警 ··································294 7.4.6　消息触发特定操作 ·······················296 7.4.7　消息报表 ··································297 7.5　WinCC 消息归档 ······························300 7.5.1　消息归档原则 ····························300 7.5.2　归档组态 ··································301 7.5.3　备份组态 ··································301 7.5.4　连接、断开备份归档 ····················302 7.5.5　ADO/OLE DB 访问消息归档数据 ····303 7.6　WinCC 消息应用示例 ························303 7.6.1　功能需求··································304 7.6.2　仿真程序 ··································304 7.6.3　组态步骤 ··································306 第8 章　过程值归档 ···························330 8.1　过程值和变量 ·································330 8.2　归档原理 ·······································332 8.2.1　周期和事件 ·······························332 8.2.2　归档方法 ··································333 8.2.3　归档函数 ··································334 8.2.4　过程值的归档机制 ·······················335 8.2.5　归档的备份和恢复 ·······················338 8.3　变量记录运行系统 ····························342 8.3.1　变量记录编辑器 ·························343 8.3.2　定时器 ·····································343 8.3.3　组态归档 ··································345 8.3.4　组态过程值归档变量 ····················346 8.4　输出过程值归档 ······························347 8.4.1　在过程画面中输出过程值归档 ········348 8.4.2　在报表中输出过程值归档 ··············353 8.5　常用功能的实现 ······························353 8.5.1　周期连续归档 ····························354 8.5.2　过程值归档的高效组态 ·················360 8.5.3　非周期归档 ·······························362 8.5.4　周期可选择归档 ·························362 8.5.5　非周期有变化时归档 ····················364 8.5.6　按需归档 ··································364 8.5.7　整点归档 ··································365 8.5.8　基于时序的归档 ·························366 8.5.9　压缩归档 ··································367 8.5.10　旋转门归档 ······························368 8.5.11　编辑归档数据 ···························371 8.5.12　输出归档数据举例 ·····················372 第9 章　报表系统 ······························380 9.1　实现原理 ·······································380 9.2　页面布局 ·······································382 9.3　打印作业 ·······································384 9.4　逐行打印 ·······································386 9.5　功能实现 ·······································389 9.5.1　使用控件直接输出报表 ·················389 9.5.2　自定义报表打印变量记录 ··············390 9.5.3　消息顺序报表的打印输出 ··············397 9.5.4　自定义时间范围报表打印 ··············399 9.5.5　打印外部数据库中的数据 ··············400 9.5.6　报表中嵌入布局的使用 ·················400 9.5.7　使用硬拷贝直接打印页面 ··············401 9.5.8　输出Excel 报表 ··························402 第10章　用户归档403 10.1　WinCC用户归档的介绍403 10.1.1　用户归档和变量归档的区别403 10.1.2　用户归档的相关概念404 10.2　WinCC用户归档的组态405 10.2.1　用户归档编辑器405 10.2.2　用于组态用户归档的标准函数409 10.2.3　组态数据的导入/导出413 10.3　访问WinCC用户归档的运行数据414 10.3.1　用户归档控件414 10.3.2　控制变量416 10.3.3　原始数据类型变量417 10.3.4　运行系统中操作归档的标准函数421 10.3.5　数据库访问脚本425 10.3.6　运行数据的导入/导出425 10.4　使用WinCC用户归档的注意事项426 10.4.1　用户归档中的时间426 10.4.2　用户归档中的权限427 10.4.3　用户归档的使用限制427 10.5　WinCC用户归档应用示例428 10.5.1　配方数据记录的手动/自动下载428 10.5.2　配方数据记录运行时的导出/ 导入436 10.5.3　配方视图的使用438 10.5.4　批次生产数据的自动记录441 第11章　用户管理444 11.1　用户管理器444 11.1.1　管理权限445 11.1.2　管理用户446 11.2　用户的登录和注销448 11.2.1　使用快捷键实现448 11.2.2　使用脚本实现448 11.2.3　使用变量实现450 11.2.4　登录用户的显示451 11.3　任务实现452 第12章　系统架构465 12.1　系统架构介绍465 12.1.1　单站系统架构466 12.1.2　C/S多用户系统架构466 12.1.3　C/S分布式系统架构470 12.1.4　WinCC客户机/冗余服务器 系统架构473 12.2　系统架构应用示例477 12.2.1　C/S多用户系统架构的实现477 12.2.2　C/S分布式系统架构的实现485 12.2.3　客户机/冗余服务器系统架构 的实现490 12.3　系统架构性能数据493 第13章　浏览器/服务器系统架构495 13.1　功能介绍495 13.1.1　WebNavigator 介绍496 13.1.2　WebUX介绍500 13.1.3　DataMonitor介绍501 13.2　证书介绍501 13.2.1　概述502 13.2.2　证书管理器503 13.2.3　创建证书504 13.2.4　证书存放位置508 13.3　服务端安装及配置509 13.3.1　安装510 13.3.2　组态513 13.3.3　附加信息525 13.4　许可证528 13.4.1　WebNavigator许可证528 13.4.2　WebUX许可证528 13.4.3　DataMonitor许可证529 13.5　客户端配置530 13.5.1　WebNavigator客户端530 13.5.2　WebUX客户端545 13.5.3　DataMonitor客户端548 第14章　脚本系统576 14.1　脚本系统概述576 14.2　C脚本577 14.2.1　C脚本系统介绍577 14.2.2　C函数579 14.2.3　C动作585 14.3　VB脚本591 14.3.1　VB脚本系统介绍592 14.3.2　VB脚本的过程和模块595 14.3.3　VB脚本的动作598 14.4　VBA605 14.4.1　VBA的介绍605 14.4.2　图形编辑器中的VBA605 14.4.3　在Configuration Studio中应用 VBA613 14.5　脚本调试和诊断614 14.5.1　使用GSC调试和诊断614 14.5.2　ApDiag620 14.5.3　VB脚本的调试和诊断625 14.6　应用示例630 14.6.1　变量异步/同步读写的分析和 示例630 14.6.2　调用DLL的函数632 14.6.3　VBA示例634 第15章　审计追踪641 15.1　SIMAT