肠内营养护理：理论、实践与管理创新

为普及推广临床肠内营养治疗的相关概念和基本知识，更好的为从事临床肠内营养支持治疗的医务人员提供专业参考，为此，我们组织了具有临床营养工作实践经验的专业人员，完成了本书的编纂工作。本书的编写依据行业标准，立足于临床工作实践，内容主要包括肠内营养基础篇和临床篇。其中，基础篇介绍肠内营养的相关基础知识；临床篇介绍肠内营养的筛查与评估、肠内营养途径的选择与建立、肠内营养制剂的选择、肠内营养的临床实施及护理、肠内营养并发症的监测及护理、肠内营养效果的评价等，并适当加入了近年来的一些专科护理方面的新进展，以保证此书的实用性、先进性与科学性。希望通过该书的出版能进一步促进临床肠内营养护理工作的进步和发展。

常健，博士、MBA，主任护师，硕士生导师，上海市护理学会护理人文专委会副主任委员、中国老年医学学会医疗照护分会常委。

\\\"导　论·························································································· 1 理论篇 第一章　胃肠道生理与营养学基础 ····················································14 第一节　胃肠道的生理解剖 ·······················································14 第二节　胃肠道黏膜屏障 ··························································21 第三节　胃肠道的运动 ·····························································24 第四节　营养的代谢与吸收 ·······················································26 第二章　营养风险筛查与状况评价 ····················································28 第一节　营养风险筛查 ·····························································28 第二节　营养状况评价 ·····························································35 第三节　肠内营养代谢研究 ·······················································45 第三章　肠内营养制剂 ···································································53 第一节　肠内营养制剂的分类 ····················································53 第二节　各类制剂的特点与应用 ·················································56 第四章　特殊医学用途配方食品 ·······················································66 第一节　概述 ·········································································66 第二节　特殊医学用途配方食品的分类 ········································67 第三节　特殊医学用途配方食品的保存与管理 ·······························84 第五章　肠内营养支持途径与方式 ····················································87 第一节　肠内营养支持途径 ·······················································87 第二节　肠内营养输注方式 ····················································· 104 第三节　肠内营养支持时机 ····················································· 107 第六章　特殊人群的肠内营养支持 ·················································· 110 第一节　儿童的肠内营养支持 ·················································· 110 第二节　孕妇的肠内营养支持 ·················································· 120 第三节　老年患者的肠内营养支持 ············································ 131 第四节　肿瘤患者的肠内营养支持 ············································ 144 第五节　危重患者的肠内营养支持 ············································ 150 第六节　围手术期患者的肠内营养支持 ······································ 154 第七章　肠内营养并发症与防治 ····················································· 161 第一节　常见并发症 ······························································ 161 第二节　并发症的监测与预防 ·················································· 181 实践篇 第八章　鼻胃管的置入与护理 ························································ 188 第九章　鼻十二指肠管的置入与护理 ··············································· 194 第十章　鼻空肠管的置入与护理 ····················································· 207 第十一章　胃空肠造口置管及其护理 ··············································· 215 第一节　胃空肠造口置管的历史与发展 ······································ 215 第二节　胃造口术的概念与发展 ··············································· 217 第三节　胃造口置管条件 ························································ 235 第四节　胃造口置管前的准备工作 ············································ 237 第五节　胃造口置管过程 ························································ 240 第六节　胃造口置管操作流程中的并发症 ··································· 250 第七节　胃造口置管后常见并发症的处理 ··································· 256 第八节　胃造口置管的护理常规 ··············································· 258 第九节　胃造口术后的居家护理 ··············································· 262 第十节　胃造口置管应急预案 ·················································· 268 第十一节　空肠造口术 ··························································· 272 第十二节　经皮颈部穿刺食管造口置管术 ··································· 284 第十二章　腹腔压力的监测 ··························································· 287 第十三章　肠内营养置管的辅助技术 ··············································· 293 第十四章　肠内营养操作的辅助用具 ··············································· 297 管理篇 第十五章　肠内营养专科团队的组建 ··············································· 304 第一节　团队成员的架构与管理、培训与培养 ····························· 305 第二节　医院档案建立与管理 ·················································· 308 第三节　互联网医院 ······························································ 309 第四节　开业护士及护士处方权 ··············································· 316 第十六章　肠内营养的管理 ··························································· 321 第一节　肠内营养的质量控制 ·················································· 321 第二节　肠内营养的安全管理 ·················································· 327 第十七章　肠内营养支持的供给情况及特点 ······································ 338 第一节　肠内营养支持现状 ····················································· 338 第二节　临床肠内营养支持 ····················································· 348 第三节　家庭肠内营养支持 ····················································· 356 第十八章　肠内营养相关的健康科普教育 ········································· 367 第十九章　肠内营养相关的伦理学问题 ············································ 374 附　录······················································································· 386 参考文献 ··················································································· 392 \\\"