PREFACE Ⅰ
PREFACE Ⅱ
CONTRIBUTORS
Chapter
Various Flexible Ureteroscopes
1.1 Flexible Fiber-optic Ureterorenoscope
1.2 Digital Flexible Ureterorenoscope
1.3 Modular Flexible Ureteroscope
1.4 Sun’s Tip-flexible Semirigid Ureterorenoscope
References
Chapter
Instrument and Equipment for Flexible Ureteroscopy
2.1 Guidewire
2.2 Instruments for Ureteral Dilation
2.3 Ureteral Access Sheath
2.4 Light Source and Television System
2.5 Perfusion Equipment
2.6 Positioning Equipment
2.7 Lithotripsy Device
2.8 Equipment of Calculus Removal and Biopsy
2.9 Ureteral Stent
References
Chapter
Pre-operative Evaluation of Flexible Ureteroscopy
3.1 Required Investigations before Flexible Ureteroscopy
3.2 The Role of Pre-stenting for Flexible Ureteroscopy
References
Chapter
Pre-operative Evaluation and Preparation of Flexible Ureterorenoscope
and Holmium Laser Lithotripsy
4.1 Selection of Suitable Patients’ Flexible Ureteroscopy Indications
4.2 How to Assess and Prevent the Operative Risk
References
Chapter
Techniques of Flexible Ureteroscopy: Step-by-Step
5.1 Patient Positioning
5.2 First-look Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy
5.3 The Safety Guidewire and Working Guidewire
5.4 Flexible Ureteroscopy with or without UAS
5.5 Flexible Ureteroscope Insertion
5.6 Ureteroscopic Inspection of the Collection System
5.7 Lithotripsy and Fragment Extraction
5.8 Exit Strategy
5.9 Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Special Cases
5.10 Factors Affecting the Success of Ureteroscopy in Management
of Urolithiasis
References
Chapter
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in Children
6.1 Evaluation of Upper Urinary Tract