网络素养

党的二十大报告提出：“健全网络综合治理体系，推动形成良好网络生态。”根据第54 次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示，截至2024 年6 月，我国网民规模达10.99 亿人，互联网普及率达78%。青少年是网民中的重要群体，被称为“网络原住民”，比较擅长使用网络平台，也较容易受到互联网信息的影响。本书以青少年网络素养提升为切入点，基于《未成年人互联网保护条例》要求，深入研究青少年在网络生活中的常见问题，将实际案例融入教学中，引导青少年树立良好的网络价值观，着力提升青少年网络素养。本书采用“项目驱动、案例教学、过程指导、探究实践”的编写模式，将“十大常见网络问题”作为教学项目，包括项目介绍、任务安排和学习目标，通过教师讲解和分析，加上课堂讨论、课后习题等，让青少年深刻理解互联网社会的一些问题并能进行识别和防范，提升网络素养，从而让其更加适应互联网生活和学习。本书配有微课视频、电子课件、课程标准、教案等教学资源，可作为高等职业院校“网络素养”课程的教学用书，也可作为通识教材面向其他教育层次推广。

目录 项目1 网络生活 ······························································································.1 任务1 认识互联网 ·····················································································.2 1.1.1 互联网的定义 ··············································································.2 1.1.2 互联网的特点（智能手机） ····························································.3 任务2 了解网络生活 ··················································································.5 1.2.1 网络生活的定义 ···········································································.6 1.2.2 网络生活的常见方式 ·····································································.7 任务3 融入网络生活 ··················································································.8 1.3.1 信息搜索 ····················································································.8 1.3.2 微信应用 ···················································································.11 任务4 养成健康的网络生活习惯 ··································································.13 1.4.1 网络对青少年发展的有利影响 ························································.13 1.4.2 网络对青少年成长的弊端 ······························································.14 1.4.3 青少年网络文明公约 ····································································.14 项目2 网络谣言 ·····························································································.17 任务1 什么是网络谣言 ··············································································.18 2.1.1 网络谣言的定义 ··········································································.18 2.1.2 网络谣言的分类 ··········································································.19 2.1.3 网络谣言的特征 ··········································································.21 任务2 网络谣言的产生与传播 ·····································································.22 2.2.1 网络谣言的产生原因 ····································································.22 2.2.2 网络谣言的传播途径 ····································································.23 任务3 练就慧眼，识别谣言 ········································································.24 2.3.1 网络谣言的常见套路 ····································································.24 2.3.2 如何分辨谣言 ·············································································.25 任务4 从我做起，击退谣言 ········································································.27 2.4.1 借助工具，识别谣言 ····································································.28 2.4.2 学习法规，提高素养 ····································································.28 项目3 网络安全 ·····························································································.31 任务1 什么是网络安全 ··············································································.32 3.1.1 网络安全的定义 ··········································································.32 3.1.2 网络安全的要求 ··········································································.33 3.1.3 网络安全的威胁来源 ····································································.34 任务2 网络安全常见问题 ···········································································.36 3.2.1 我国网络安全的主要问题 ······························································.36 3.2.2 网络安全问题的具体案例 ······························································.37 任务3 黑客和网络安全 ··············································································.41 3.3.1 了解不同类型的黑客 ····································································.41 3.3.2 黑客的正面影响 ··········································································.42 3.3.3 黑客的负面影响 ··········································································.43 任务4 快乐安全地使用互联网 ·····································································.44 项目4 网络交流 ·····························································································.47 任务1 什么是网络交流 ··············································································.48 4.1.1 网络交流的定义 ··········································································.48 4.1.2 网络交流的主要形式 ····································································.49 任务2 失范的网络交流 ··············································································.51 4.2.1 网络暴力 ···················································································.51 4.2.2 网络交流失范的常见类型 ······························································.52 任务3 网络交流“任性”的原因 ··································································.54 4.3.1 非理性表达的表现形式 ·································································.54 4.3.2 非理性表达的原因 ·······································································.55 任务4 如何理性地进行网络交流 ··································································.56 项目5 网络娱乐 ·····························································································.59 任务1 什么是网络娱乐 ··············································································.60 5.1.1 网络娱乐的定义 ··········································································.60 5.1.2 网络娱乐的主要形式 ····································································.60 任务2 网络成瘾 ·······················································································.64 5.2.1 什么是网络成瘾 ··········································································.64 5.2.2 网络成瘾的成因 ··········································································.65 任务3 网络成瘾问题 ·················································································.66 5.3.1 网络成瘾的危害 ··········································································.66 5.3.2 网络成瘾的案例 ··········································································.67 任务4 规划时间、远离网瘾 ········································································.69 项目6 网络文化 ·····························································································.71 任务1 网络文化的概念和发展历程 ·······························································.72 6.1.1 网络文化的概念 ··········································································.72 6.1.2 中国网络文化的发展历程 ······························································.72 任务2 网络文化的特点和现象 ·····································································.75 6.2.1 网络文化的特点 ··········································································.75 6.2.2 网络文化的典型现象 ····································································.76 任务3 网络低俗文化的成因和案例 ·······························································.79 6.3.1 网络低俗文化形成的原因 ······························································.79 6.3.2 网络低俗文化的案例 ····································································.80 任务4 网络文化的社会影响 ········································································.81 项目7 网络购物 ·····························································································.85 任务1 网络购物的概念和发展历程 ·······························································.86 7.1.1 网络购物的概念 ··········································································.86 7.1.2 中国网络购物的发展历程 ······························································.86 任务2 网络购物流程 ·················································································.89 任务3 网络购物的优与劣 ···········································································.95 7.3.1 网络购物的优势 ··········································································.95 7.3.2 网络购物的劣势 ··········································································.96 任务4 如何安全地进行网络购物 ··································································.97 项目8 网络语言 ···························································································.101 任务1 什么是网络语言 ············································································.102 8.1.1 网络语言的定义 ········································································.102 8.1.2 网络语言的传播渠道 ··································································.102 任务2 网络语言的常见形式 ······································································.105 任务3 网络语言的兴起 ············································································.107 8.3.1 网络语言兴起的原因 ··································································.107 8.3.2 网络语言的利与弊 ·····································································.108 任务4 区分“好梗”与“烂梗” ································································.110 8.4.1 什么是“烂梗” ········································································.110 8.4.2 什么是“滥梗” ·········································································.111 8.4.3 理性节制地用“梗” ···································································.111 项目9 网络技术 ···························································································.113 任务1 什么是网络技术 ············································································.114 9.1.1 网络技术的概念和原理 ·······························································.114 9.1.2 网络技术的分类 ········································································.115 任务2 网络技术的应用场景 ······································································.117 任务3 网络技术的伦理问题 ······································································.119 9.3.1 常见的网络技术的伦理问题 ·························································.119 9.3.2 正确应对网络技术的伦理问题 ······················································.120 任务4 网络技术的发展趋势 ······································································.122 项目10 网络学习 ·························································································.125 任务1 网络学习的类型 ············································································.126 10.1.1 网络学习的概念 ·······································································.126 10.1.2 网络学习的方式 ·······································································.126 任务2 网络学习的优势 ············································································.130 任务3 网络学习的挑战 ············································································.132 任务4 网络学习的发展趋势 ······································································.134