农村人民公社史

人民公社化运动是中国共产党在20世纪50年代后期全面开展社会主义建的过程中，为探索中国社会主义建设道路所作的一项重大决策，然而人民公社化运动是我国探索建设社会主义道路中的一次严重失误。它忽视了客观的经济发展规律，过分夸大了主观意志和主观努力的作用，使高指标、瞎指挥、浮夸风、“共产”风等错误做法大肆泛滥，工农业生产遭到极大破坏，国民经济比例严重失调，人民生活严重困难。作者依据可靠资料对这一运动的过程做了全面梳理。

罗平汉，中央党校党史部原主任，教授，博士生导师，入选“四个一批”和万人计划，长期从事中共党史和党的政策研究，著有《中共党史重大争议问题研究》《回看毛泽东》《农村人民公社史》《中国共产党农村调查史》《中共党史知识问答》等。

第一章 兴 起································································································ 1 一、从反冒进到“大跃进”······································································· 1 二、人民公社的酝酿··············································································· 12 三、小社并大社······················································································· 18 四、第一批公社······················································································· 24 五、“人民公社好”··················································································· 38 第二章 大 潮······························································································ 46 一、北戴河会议的决策··········································································· 46 二、人民公社化的实现··········································································· 55 三、人民公社的基本特征······································································· 64 四、没有根基的“金桥”········································································· 77 第三章 问 题······························································································ 97 一、刮“五风”························································································· 97 二、初步调查························································································· 107 三、“不要急急忙忙往前闯”································································· 116 四、虚幻与现实的交错········································································· 126 第四章 整 顿···························································································· 139 一、“三级所有，队为基础”································································· 139 二、“旧账一般要算”············································································· 147 三、若干政策调整················································································· 155 第五章 反 复···························································································· 164 一、庐山风云························································································· 164 二、“坚守社会主义阵地”····································································· 178 三、“穷过渡”························································································· 189 四、严重的困难····················································································· 204 第六章 退 却···························································································· 218 一、紧急指示信十二条········································································· 218 二、“集中力量整顿三类社队”····························································· 229 三、未解决问题的整风整社································································· 236 第七章 “六十条”························································································ 243 一、“搞这个条例有必要”····································································· 243 二、起草农业“六十条”······································································· 257 三、公社体制的初步调整····································································· 271 第八章 新的突破························································································ 281 一、全党农村大调查············································································· 281 二、“六十条”修正草案······································································· 300 三、农民发明“分配大包干”······························································· 309 四、下放基本核算单位········································································· 320 第九章 “单干风”························································································ 336 一、安徽“责任田”··············································································· 336 二、党内分歧························································································· 349 三、包产到户的夭折············································································· 359 第十章 “四 清”························································································ 371 一、“四清”起因··················································································· 371 二、“前十条”和“后十条”································································· 379 三、从小“四清”到大“四清”··························································· 388 四、“四清”运动对农业的影响··························································· 399 第十一章 “文化大革命”的冲击····························································· 406 一、“生产队一般不要搞夺权”····························································· 406 二、农业学大寨运动的政治化····························································· 414 三、“割资本主义尾巴”···············