计算机网络实用教程（微课视频版）

本书系统地介绍了计算机网络的基本概念、数据通信的基础知识、计算机网络的体系结构、计算机局域网、网络互联、网络操作系统和网络管理、Internet 及其应用、计算机网络安全。本书难度适中，理论结合实际，能够反映网络技术的最新发展。为方便读者在学习理论知识的同时，又能获得实用技能，本书每章都配有练习题，并在第9 章专门安排了实例和实训，供读者上机实践。

第 1 章 计算机网络基础·····························1 1.1 课程目标 ···································.1 1.2 Cisco Packet Tracer ·······················.2 1.3 计算机网络概述 ··························.3 1.3.1 计算机网络的定义··············.3 1.3.2 计算机网络的组成··············.5 1.3.3 计算机网络的功能··············.9 1.3.4 计算机网络的分类············.10 1.3.5 计算机网络的性能指标······.11 1.3.6 计算机网络传输介质·········.13 1.3.7 数据交换技术··················.13 1.3.8 计算机网络体系结构·········.14 1.3.9 接入 Internet 方式·············.17 1.3.10 新型网络技术 ················.19 1.4 实验 1-1：网线制作 ···················.20 1.4.1 背景知识························.20 1.4.2 实验目的························.21 1.4.3 实验步骤························.22 1.5 实验 1-2：双机直连 ···················.23 1.5.1 背景知识························.23 1.5.2 实验目的························.23 1.5.3 实验步骤························.24 1.6 习题 ·······································.25 第 2 章 组建局域网································.28 2.1 实验 2-1：共享式以太网 ·············.28 2.1.1 背景知识························.28 2.1.2 实验目的························.29 2.1.3 实验步骤························.30 2.1.4 理论知识························.31 2.2 实验 2-2：交换式以太网 ·············.32 2.2.1 背景知识························.32 2.2.2 实验目的························.32 2.2.3 实验步骤························.33 2.2.4 理论知识························.33 2.3 实验 2-3：通过 Console 口管理二层交换机 ·····························.35 2.3.1 背景知识························.35 2.3.2 实验目的························.36 2.3.3 实验步骤························.36 2.4 实验 2-4：Telnet 远程登录与管理二层交换机 ·······················.39 2.4.1 背景知识························.39 2.4.2 实验目的························.39 2.4.3 实验步骤························.40 2.5 实验 2-5：以太网交换机的生成树协议······························.42 2.5.1 背景知识························.42 2.5.2 实验目的························.43 2.5.3 实验步骤························.43 2.6 实验 2-6：交换机的端口聚合 ·······.45 2.6.1 背景知识························.45 2.6.2 实验目的························.46 2.6.3 实验步骤························.46 2.7 实验 2-7：以太网帧的封装 ··········.48 2.7.1 背景知识························.48 2.7.2 实验目的························.48 2.7.3 实验步骤························.49 2.8 实验 2-8：交换机端口与 MAC地址绑定·································.51 2.8.1 背景知识························.51 2.8.2 实验目的························.51 2.8.3 实验步骤························.51 2.9 习题·······································.53 第 3 章 添加静态路由·····························.56 3.1 实验 3-1：路由器的基本配置 ·······.56 3.1.1 背景知识························.56 3.1.2 实验目的························.57 3.1.3 实验步骤························.58 3.2 实验 3-2：配置 PPP····················.60 3.2.1 背景知识························.60 3.2.2 实验目的························.61 3.2.3 实验步骤························.61 3.3 实验 3-3：路由器静态路由配置 ····.64 3.3.1 背景知识························.64 3.3.2 实验目的························.65 3.3.3 实验步骤························.65 3.3.4 理论知识························.69 3.4 习题 ·······································.76 第 4 章 配置动态路由·····························.78 4.1 实验 4-1：RIP 路由协议配置········.78 4.1.1 背景知识························.78 4.1.2 实验目的························.79 4.1.3 实验步骤························.80 4.1.4 理论知识························.83 4.2 实验 4-2：OSPF 路由协议配置 ·····.85 4.2.1 背景知识························.85 4.2.2 实验目的························.85 4.2.3 实验步骤························.85 4.3 实验 4-3：HSRP 网关热备份路由协议配置···························.89 4.3.1 背景知识························.89 4.3.2 实验目的························.90 4.3.3 实验步骤························.90 4.4 实验 4-4：外部网关协议（BGP）配置·······································.94 4.4.1 背景知识························.94 4.4.2 实验目的························.95 4.4.3 实验步骤························.95 4.5 实验 4-5：划分子网 ···················.97 4.5.1 背景知识························.97 4.5.2 实验目的························.97 4.5.3 实验步骤························.97 4.6 习题 ······································.104 第 5 章 实现 VLAN 间通信 ······················106 5.1 实验 5-1：交换机划分 VLAN配置 ·····································.106 5.1.1 背景知识·······················.106 5.1.2 实验目的·······················.107 5.1.3 实验步骤·······················.108 5.1.4 理论知识·······················.109 5.2 实验 5-2：通过三层交换机实现 VLAN 间路由···················.111 5.2.1 背景知识·······················.111 5.2.2 实验目的·······················.112 5.2.3 实验步骤·······················.112 5.3 实验 5-3：用路由器单臂路由实现 VLAN 间通信·············.114 5.3.1 背景知识·······················.114 5.3.2 实验目的·······················.114 5.3.3 实验步骤·······················.114 5.4 实验 5-4：VTP 的使用···············.116 5.4.1 背景知识·······················.116 5.4.2 实验目的·······················.117 5.4.3 实验步骤·······················.117 5.5 实验 5-5：三层交换机 DHCP服务器的配置··························.121 5.5.1 背景知识·······················.121 5.5.2 实验目的·······················.121 5.5.3 实验步骤·······················.121 5.5.4 理论知识·······················.123 5.6 习题······································.124 第 6 章 部署网络服务器·························.126 6.1 实验 6-1：部署 DHCP 服务器······.126 6.1.1 背景知识·······················.126 6.1.2 实验目的·······················.127 6.1.3 实验步骤·······················.127 6.2 实验 6-2：部署 DNS 服务器········.131 6.2.1 背景知识·······················.131 6.2.2 实验目的·······················.131 6.2.3 实验步骤·······················.132 6.2.4 理论知识·······················.133 6.3 实验 6-3：部署 WWW 服务器 ·····.134 6.3.1 背景知识·······················.134 6.3.2 实验目的·······················.135 6.3.3 实验步骤·······················.135 6.4 实验 6-4：部署 FTP 服务器·········.137 6.4.1 背景知识·······················.137 6.4.2 实验目的·······················.137 6.4.3 实验步骤·······················.137 6.5 实验 6-5：部署邮件服务器 ·········.139 6.5.1 背景知识·······················.139 6.5.2 实验目的·······················.139 6.5.3 实验步骤·······················.140 6.6 实验 6-6：部署 TFTP 服务器·······.143 6.6.1 背景知识·······················.143 6.6.2 实验目的·······················.143 6.6.3 实验步骤·······················.143 6.7 实验 6-7：简单网络管理协议 ······.145 6.7.1 背景知识·······················.145 6.7.2 实验目的·······················.146 6.7.3 实验步骤·······················.146 6.8 习题 ······································.151 第 7 章 网络地址转换·····························152 7.1 实验 7-1：静态 NAT ··················.152 7.1.1 背景知识·······················.152 7.1.2 实验目的·······················.153 7.1.3 实验步骤·······················.153 7.2 实验 7-2：NAPT ······················.155 7.2.1 背景知识·······················.155 7.2.2 实验目的·······················.156 7.2.3 实验步骤·······················.156 7.2.4 理论知识·······················.158 7.3 实验 7-3：外网访问内网服务器 ···.160 7.3.1 背景知识·······················.160 7.3.2 实验目的·······················.160 7.3.3 实验步骤·······················.160 7.4 习题 ······································.163 第 8 章 协议分析···································164 8.1 实验 8-1：分析 ARP 数据包········.164 8.1.1 背景知识·······················.164 8.1.2 实验目的·······················.165 8.1.3 实验步骤·······················.165 8.1.4 理论知识·······················.168 8.2 实验 8-2：分析 ICMP 报文 ·········.169 8.2.1 背景知识·······················.169 8.2.2 实验目的·······················.170 8.2.3 实验步骤·······················.170 8.2.4 理论知识·······················.173 8.3 实验 8-3：分析 RIP 报文 ············.174 8.3.1 背景知识·······················.174 8.3.2 实验目的·······················.174 8.3.3 实验步骤·······················.175 8.3.4 理论知识·······················.181 8.4 实验 8-4：分析 TCP 连接建立过程 ·······························.181 8.4.1 背景知识·······················.181 8.4.2 实验目的·······················.182 8.4.3 实验步骤·······················.182 8.4.4 理论知识·······················.184 8.5 实验 8-5：分析 UDP 数据报········.186 8.5.1 背景知识·······················.186 8.5.2 实验目的·······················.187 8.5.3 实验步骤·······················.187 8.5.4 理论知识·······················.190 8.6 实验 8-6：分析 HTTP 数据包 ······.191 8.6.1 背景知识·······················.191 8.6.2 实验目的·······················.192 8.6.3 实验步骤·······················.192 8.7 实验 8-7：分析 HTTPS 数据包·····.195 8.7.1 背景知识·······················.195 8.7.2 实验目的·······················.195 8.7.3 实验步骤·······················.196 8.8 实验 8-8：分析 FTP 数据包·········.197 8.8.1 背景知识·······················.197 8.8.2 实验目的·······················.197 8.8.3 实验步骤·······················.198 8.9 习题······································.200 第 9 章 无线局域网搭建·························.202 9.1 实验 9-1：采用胖 AP 的无线局域网搭建·····························.202 9.1.1 背景知识·······················.202 9.1.2 实验目的·······················.203 9.1.3 实验步骤·······················.204 9.2 实验 9-2：采用瘦 AP 的无线局域网搭建·····························.210 9.2.1 背景知识·······················.210 9.2.2 实验目的·······················.211 9.2.3 实验步骤·······················.211 9.3 Wi-Fi 无线局域网的原理 ············.216 9.4 习题 ······································.217 第 10 章 接入广域网······························218 10.1 实验 10-1：家庭网接入广域网 ···.218 10.1.1 背景知识 ·····················.218 10.1.2 实验目的 ·····················.219 10.1.3 实验步骤 ·····················.219 10.2 实验 10-2：企业网接入广域网 ···.229 10.2.1 背景知识 ·····················.229 10.2.2 实验目的 ·····················.230 10.2.3 实验步骤 ·····················.230 10.3 构建类似因特网的多场景复杂网络 ······························.254 10.4 习题 ····································.254 参考文献··············································.255