Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Research 1.2 Definition of Translation Policy 1.2.1 Toury's Norm Theory and Translation Policy 1.2.2 Hermans' Norm Theory 1.2.3 Definition of Translation Policy in This Book 1.3 Scope of the Research 1.4 Description of Primary Methodology 1.5 General Layout of the Book Chapter Two Rationale and Theoretical Framework 2.1 Theoretical Background 2.1.1 Habermas's Communicative Theory 2.1.2 Even-Zohar's Polysystem Theory 2.1.3 Descriptive Translation Studies 2.1.4 Lefevere's Rewriting Theory 2.1.5 Vermeer's Skopos Theory 2.2 The Re-location of Translation Policy Research in Translation Studies 2.2.1 The Realistic Existence of Translation Policy 2.2.2 Previous Research on Translation Policy 2.2.3 Translation Policy and Its Position in Holmes' "Map". 2.2.4 The Re-location of Translation Policy Research Chapter Three Translating Activities in Cultural Transition Periods 3.1 1919--1949 3.1.1 Translation in the May 4th Period 3.1.2 The Anti-Japanese War and the Civil War Period 3.2 Translation since 1976 3.2.1 The New Literature and Art Policy 3.2.2 A Series of Regulating Measures 3.2.3 Progresses in the New Era 3.3 Summary Chapter Four Chinese Translating Activities in Cultural Stabilized Periods 4.1 1949--1966 4.1.1 Organization and Plan of Translation Work by thc State …… Chapter Five The Functions of Translating Institutions in Policy Implementation Chapter Six Some Tentative Suggestions for Reference Chapter Seven Conclusion Appendix References Acknowledgements