后现代文学视域中的历史叙事

英国小说家格雷厄姆·斯威夫特(Graham Swift，1949- )是20世纪80年代以来活跃在文坛的重要作家。他的小说最大的叙事特征是“历史叙事”与“文学叙事”的视域融合。他的历史小说表现出来明显的历史认知危机，而这种危机产生的根源就是传统历史叙事观。宏大叙事是传统历史叙事的根本特征，斯威夫特通过解构宏大叙事、叙说“仿真”的历史动摇了传统历史叙事的本质主义的诉求。穿梭于故事与历史之间、历史编纂元小说、互文性是他建构文本化历史的叙事策略。更为重要的是，斯威夫特在他的著作中经常自觉不自觉地流露出回归“心灵历史”、在“心灵历史”中寻找历史的意义和完整性的人文关怀意识。挖掘其小说中蕴含着的“心灵历史”的意蕴是本著作的亮点所在。斯威夫特在当代文学界占有重要地位，而目前国内外尚无一部系统研究其小说历史叙事的著作，更无学者涉足其心灵历史。鉴于此，本著作具有重要理论与实际应用价值。

王艳萍．2013年获厦门大学英语语言文学博士学位。现执教于集美大学外国语学院，副教授，主要研究方向为英美当代文学。2005年曾去澳大利亚阳光海岸大学进修学习。在《外国文学》等期刊发表论文十几篇，主要论文有《论<洼地，的“一流叙事”》、《在故事与历史之间穿梭——论<洼地>的历史文本意识》、《“自我”本是“虚妄”——论吉姆的“自我”镜像》、《荒野情结与草原大命——<熊>和<狼图腾>的生态思想研究》等。主持教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目1项，主持福建省教育厅A类社会科学研究课题1项，主持外研社外语教学科研课题1项，主持校级课题3项，参与市厅级及校级课题共9项。

A Note on Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter One Questioning the Traditional Historical Narraftve：
Epistemological Uncertainty
I.“What Really Happened?”：Faustian Pursuit of the Historical
Truth
i.Pursuing“the Whole Truth”in Shuttlecock
ii.Pursuing“the Full Story”in EverAfter
Ⅱ.Unreliable Narrators
i.Narrators in Self―Reflexivity
ii.Narrators in“Mise-en-abyme”
Ⅲ.Questioning Epistemological Certainty：Anti.Detective Fiction
i.Detective Fiction and Anti.Detective Fiction
ii.Elusive Mystery：Epistemological Ques~in Detective Fiction.
iii.Fact or Fiction：Epistemological Uncertainty in Anti―Detective Fiction
Chapter Two Deconstructing Grand Narrative and Narrating
“Simulated”History
I.Deconstruction of Grand Narrative in Waterland
i.Language Dilemma：Deconstruction of Linguistic Representation
ii.Causality Failure：Deconstruction of R~ional Development of History
iii.“It Loops”：Deconruction of Linear Development of History
iV.“The End of History”：Deconstruction of Historical Teleologv
Ⅱ.“Simulated”History in Out ofThis World
i.What Is“Simulation”？
ii.“Counterfeit”History：Paradox of Photographic Representation
iii.“Simulated”History in Photographs and Television
iiii.“Simulated”History in the Real World
Chapter Three Constructing Textualized History：MerOng
Historical Narrative and Literary Narrative
I.History and Story
i.“Histoda.any kind of narrative：account，tale，story”
iiCrime Story and Historical Analysis
iii.Fairy.taIes，Supe}rstitions and Rumors as History
Ⅱ.Historiographic Metafiction
i.Hisloriographic Me}taficti。n versus Metaficti。n1
ii“ Genuine Historicity”and“Textualized Historicity
Ⅲ.Intertextualized History
i.Intenextual References to Faulkner's Works in Waterland
ii.Echoes of Shakespeare’s Plays in EverAfter
iii.A Palimpsestic Refashioning of the“Journey”Theme in Last Orders
Chapter Four Returning to“History in Mind”：The Signmcance
0f Narratives134
I.Historical Interpretation and Discursive Power in Shuttlecock136
i.Desire for Power：A Natural Human Need
ii.Discursive Empowerment via War Memoir
II.Historical Interpretation and Self-Identification in Ever After
i.Ancestor's History Re-Constructed in B川’s Mind
ii.Awakening Through an Ancestor's Journal：Self-Identification
Ⅲ.Historical Narratives and Meaning―Making in Waterland
i.Narratives：The Way to Ward off“Nothingness”
ii.“Man the Animal Who Craves for Meaning”
IV.Historical Narratives and Spiritual Sublimation in Last Orders
i. A Journey Between the Past and the Present
ii. A Journey of Spir~ual Sublimation
Conclusion
Works Cited
Acknowledgements