天体光谱数据挖掘与分析

随着LAMOST正式巡天的实施，已成功获取600万条天体光谱以及星表，并每天以海量的数字增长着，对长期传统的人工分析、人眼证认等任务带来了巨大挑战。本书以河外星系和恒星光谱为研究背景，针对天文学研究中稀有天体的特征分析以及天体光谱的分类等任务，将新兴的数据挖掘技术应用到天体光谱规律的发现和研究中，并从天文物理学角度对挖掘结果进一步分析。主要包括稀有、离群天体光谱的搜寻与分析、天体光谱分类方法与分析两个方面的内容。

章 绪论······················································································ 1 1.1 天体光谱·············································································· 1 1.1.1 LAMOST 光谱巡天·························································· 2 1.1.2 SDSS 光谱巡天································································ 5 1.1.3 光谱分析········································································ 6 1.2 数据挖掘·············································································· 7 1.2.1 产生和定义····································································· 7 1.2.2 数据挖掘任务与分类······················································ 10 1.2.3 主要应用······································································ 12 1.3 海量天体光谱数据挖掘······················································ 14 1.3.1 分类············································································ 14 1.3.2 聚类及离群分析···························································· 17 1.3.3 关联规则······································································ 19 1.3.4 恒星大气参数测量························································· 20 1第2 章 基于模糊识别的双红移系统星系光谱搜寻与分析·············· 24 2.1 引言···················································································· 25 2.2 基于模糊识别的搜寻方法·················································· 27 2.2.1 样本选择······································································ 27 2.2.2 方法描述······································································ 28 2.3 结果分析············································································ 35 2.3.1 SDSS DR9 和LAMOST DR1 中SGPs 样本························· 35 2.3.2 光谱与图像分析···························································· 39 2.3.3 尘埃消光测量································································ 48 2.4 讨论···················································································· 51 第3 章 稀有光谱检索的PU 学习方法············································ 53 3.1 问题提出············································································ 54 3.2 二部排序模型····································································· 56 3.2.1 TopPush 方法································································ 57 3.2.2 面向稀有光谱检索的BaggingTopPush 方法························ 58 3.3 实验设计············································································ 59 3.3.1 样本选择······································································ 60 3.3.2 实验设置······································································ 61 3.3.3 评价指标······································································ 64 3.4 结果分析············································································ 65 3.4.1 排序效果······································································ 65 3.4.2 排序效率······································································ 72 3.4.3 参数敏感性··································································· 74 3.5 讨论···················································································· 76 第4 章 E+A 星系搜寻与分析·························································· 78 4.1 问题提出············································································ 78 4.2 E+A 星系光谱搜寻方法······················································ 80 4.2.1 样本选择―LAMOST 数据集········································· 80 4.2.2 搜寻方法······································································ 80 4.2.3 近邻E+A 星系星表························································ 83 4.3 结果分析············································································ 87 4.3.1 样本分布特征································································ 87 4.3.2 星族合成分析································································ 90 4.3.3 图像分析······································································ 92 4.4 讨论···················································································· 95 第5 章 基于贝叶斯支持向量机的光谱分类方法····························· 98 5.1 问题提出············································································ 98 5.2 基于贝叶斯支持向量机的分类方法·································· 100 5.2.1 支持向量机································································· 100 5.2.2 贝叶斯推理································································· 101 5.2.3 马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗···················································· 101 5.2.4 贝叶斯支持向量机······················································· 102 5.3 实验分析·········································································· 107 5.3.1 样本选择···································································· 107 5.3.2 预处理方法································································· 108 5.3.3 实验参数设置······························································ 112 5.3.4 结果分析···································································· 113 5.4 讨论·················································································· 116 第6 章 基于分类模式树的恒星光谱自动分类方法······················· 117 6.1 问题提出·········································································· 118 6.2 恒星光谱分类模式树························································ 119 6.3 分类模式树构造方法························································ 120 6.3.1 算法思想···································································· 120 6.3.2 算法描述···································································· 121 6.3.3 算法分析···································································· 122 6.4 分类规则提取及恒星光谱分类········································· 122 6.5 实验分析·········································································· 123 6.6 讨论·················································································· 127 第7 章 恒星光谱分类规则后处理方法········································· 129 7.1 问题提出·········································································· 129 7.2 基于谓词逻辑的分类规则后处理方法······························ 131 7.2.1 恒星光谱分类规则······················································· 131 7.2.2 恒星光谱分类规则后处理·············································· 132 7.2.3 实验分析···································································· 136 7.3 基于集合运算的分类规则后处理方法······························ 138 7.3.1 分类规则问题描述······················································· 138 7.3.2 分类规则后处理算法···················································· 140 7.3.3 实验分析···································································· 142 7.4 讨论·················································································· 143 参考文献·························································································· 144 附录A SDSS DR9 和LAMOST DR1 的SGPs 样本清单············ 149 附录B LAMOST DR2 的E+A 样本清单······································· 159 附录C LAMOST DR2 的E+A 样本测光信息清单························ 163