Python编程与问题求解

目前，市面上可供选择的Python语言的书籍数目众多。区别于其他很多只是简单介绍Python语言本身的书籍，《Python编程与问题求解》在介绍Python使用方法的同时还插入了很多在实际开发过程中可能遇到的相关实例，使得枯燥的语法学习变得生动有趣，理论联系实际也可以让读者提前了解Python在实际项目中的应用。俗话说实践出真知，如果说学习编程有什么捷径的话，那必然是多动手实践。学习编程的真正价值也在于运用，读者可通过每个章节后的练习题，进一步扎实掌握相应章节的知识点。本书特色《 Python编程与问题求解》可以确保读者平稳顺利地成为一名Python专家。《 Python编程与问题求解》全篇使用由易到难、易于学习的方式。《 Python编程与问题求解》中所有的章节都强调通过解决问题来学习的观念。Python的每个特性都会通过一个完整的程序示例来深入讲解其用法。有些概念在需要时会使用图形方式来解释，从而可以帮助你更好地理解其中含义。《 Python编程与问题求解》呈现了当代流行的编程方法并实现了理论和实践的有效结合。本书所有内容都遵循通用的结构，为教师和学生提供了大量学习和评估的工具。

《 Python编程与问题求解》的突出特点包括以下几个方面： 《 Python编程与问题求解》使用从下至上的方法来解释概念。 附录中会对算法和流程图进行额外的讨论。 《 Python编程与问题求解》通篇提供带注释的代码来阐述Python多种特性的用法。 独立于正文的补充信息和重要提示包含在特殊的方框中，开头以“注意”标明。 每章末尾的需要牢记的知识点总结了重要知识点，方便读者回顾学过的知识点。 书中每个小节之后的小测试能帮助读者评估学习成果。 每章中的关键术语会罗列在章末。章末的复习题包含了多选题的题干和答案、简答题以及程序题，可以帮助读者检测相关概念的理解程度。

E Balagurusamy现在是印度哥印拜陀市EBG基金会的主席。过去他还出任过新德里公用事业委员会成员以及泰米尔纳德邦钦奈的安娜大学副校长。他是信息技术与管理领域的教师、培训师以及顾问。他拥有北阿坎德邦鲁尔基的印度技术学院颁发的电子工程荣誉学位以及系统工程博士学位。他感兴趣的研究领域包括面向对象的软件工程、电子政务(科技化管理)、商业流程重建以及总体质量管理。作为一位多产的作家，他已经编写了大量的学术论文以及一些书籍。他最畅销的著作包括： ●Programming in ANSI C, 7/e ●Fundamentals of Computers ●Computing Fundamentals and C Programming ●Programming in C#, 3/e ●Programming in Java, 5/e ●Object-Oriented Programming with C++, 5/e ●Programming in BASIC, 3/e ●Numerical Methods ●Reliability Engineering作为无数荣誉与奖项的获得者，他已经被列入Who’s Who of Intellectuals以及杰出教育领袖名录。

目录第 1章 电子计算机简介 ·························11.1 简介 ················································11.2 冯·诺依曼理念 ····························31.2.1 计算机的简单模型 ·····················41.2.2 电子计算机的组成 ·····················41.3 存储器 ············································61.3.1 主存储器 ·····································71.3.2 辅助存储器 ·································81.3.3 寄存器 ·········································91.4 编程语言 ······································101.4.1 高级语言 ··································111.4.2 汇编语言 ··································111.4.3 机器语言 ··································111.5 翻译器 ··········································121.5.1 编译器 ······································121.5.2 汇编器 ······································121.5.3 解释器 ······································121.6 硬件和软件 ··································131.6.1 硬件 ··········································131.6.2 软件 ··········································131.7 操作系统 ······································141.8 本章要点 ······································151.9 关键术语 ······································161.10 复习题 ········································17第2章 解决问题的策略 ························212.1 分析问题 ······································212.1.1 问题的正式定义 ······················212.1.2 解决问题的方法论 ··················222.2 算法 ··············································222.3 流程图 ··········································242.4 算法以及流程图示例 ··················282.5 本章要点 ······································332.6 关键术语 ······································332.7 复习题 ··········································34 第3章 Python入门 ·····························373.1 引言 ··············································373.2 Python概述 ···································373.3 启动Python的三种不同方式 ·······383.4 注释 ··············································433.5 Python标识符 ·······························433.6 保留关键字 ··································443.7 变量 ··············································443.7.1 声明变量 ··································443.7.2 初始化变量 ······························443.8 标准的数据类型 ··························463.8.1 数字型 ······································463.8.2 字符串 ······································473.8.3 列表 ··········································483.8.4 元组 ··········································493.8.5 字典 ··········································503.8.6 布尔型 ······································503.8.7 集合 ··········································503.9 运算符 ··········································52 3.9.1 算术运算符 ······························53 3.9.2 比较运算符 ······························54 3.9.3 赋值运算符 ······························55 3.9.4 位运算符 ··································56 3.9.5 逻辑运算符 ······························58 3.9.6 隶属运算符 ······························58 3.9.7 恒等运算符 ······························59 3.9.8 运算符优先级 ··························60 3.9.9 结合性 ······································61 3.10 语句与表达式 ····························63 3.10.1 语句 ········································63 3.10.2 表达式 ····································63 3.11 字符串运算 ································64 3.11.1 连接运算·································65 3.11.2 重复运算·································65 3.11.3 获取具体字符·························65 3.11.4 分片·········································65 3.12 布尔表达式 ································67 3.13 控制语句 ····································67 3.13.1 for循环····································67 3.13.2 while 语句·······························70 3.13.3 if elif else 语句 ·······················72 3.13.4 选择执行 ································73 3.13.5 条件执行 ································73 3.14 迭代—— while 语句·················74 3.15 从键盘获取输入 ························76 3.15.1 input()函数······························76 3.15.2 raw_input()函数······················77 3.16 本章要点 ····································77 3.17 关键术语 ····································79 3.18 复习题 ········································79 第4章函数··········································85 4.1 简介 ··············································85 4.2 内置函数 ······································85 4.2.1 类型转换 ··································86 4.2.2 强制类型转换 ··························87 4.2.3 数学函数 ··································88 4.2.4 日期和时间 ······························89 4.2.5 dir()函数···································90 4.2.6 help()函数·································91 4.3 复合函数 ······································91 4.4 用户自定义函数 ··························92 4.5 参数 ··············································95 4.6 函数的调用 ··································99 4.7 return语句···································100 4.8 Python的递归函数 ·····················101 4.9 匿名函数 ····································101 4.10 编写Python脚本 ·······················103 4.11 本章要点 ··································105 4.12 关键术语 ··································106 4.13 复习题 ······································107 第5章字符串和列表 ························· 115 5.1 字符串 ········································115 5.1.1 混合数据类型 ························116 5.1.2 len函数····································117 5.1.3 字符串切片 ····························118 5.1.4 字符串是不可变的 ················119 5.1.5 字符串遍历 ····························120 5.1.6 转义字符 ································122 5.1.7 字符串格式化操作符 ············123 5.1.8 字符串格式化函数 ················124 5.2 列表 ············································127 5.2.1 值和访问元素 ························127 5.2.2 列表是可变的 ·······················129 5.2.3 列表的遍历 ····························131 5.2.4 删除列表中的元素 ················132 5.2.5 内置的list操作符····················133 5.2.6 list内置方法····························134 5.3 本章要点 ····································136 5.4 关键术语 ····································137 5.5 复习题 ········································137 第6章元组和字典·····························151 6.1 元组 ············································151 6.1.1 创建元组 ································151 6.1.2 访问元组中的元素 ················152 6.1.3 元组是不可变的 ····················154 6.1.4 元组赋值 ································154 6.1.5 元组作为返回值 ····················156 6.1.6 变长元组参数 ························157 6.1.7 基本的元组操作 ····················158 6.1.8 内置的元组函数 ····················160 6.2 字典 ············································162 6.2.1 创建字典 ································162 6.2.2 访问字典中的值 ····················163 6.2.3 更新字典 ································164 6.2.4 删除字典中的元素 ················165 6.2.5 字典键的属性 ························166 6.2.6 字典操作 ································167 6.2.7 内置的字典方法 ····················168 6.3 本章要点 ····································169 6.4 关键术语 ····································170 6.5 复习题 ········································171 第7章文件和异常·····························183 7.1 文本文件 ····································183 7.1.1 打开文件 ································183 7.1.2 关闭文件 ································185 7.1.3 file对象属性···························186 7.1.4 写文件 ····································187 7.1.5 读取文件 ································188 7.1.6 文件的重命名 ························190 7.1.7 删除文件 ································190 7.1.8 操作文件的方法 ····················191 7.2 目录 ············································192 7.2.1 mkdir()方法 ····························192 7.2.2 chdir()方法······························193 7.2.3 getcwd()方法 ··························193 7.2.4 rmdir()方法·····························193 7.3 异常 ············································195 7.3.1 内置异常 ································195 7.3.2 异常处理 ································196 7.4 带有参数的异常 ························200 7.5 用户自定义异常 ························201 7.6 关键术语 ····································203 7.7 复习题 ········································204 第8章类和对象 ································215 8.1 面向对象概述    (面向对象编程) ··························215 8.1.1 数据封装 ································216 8.1.2 多态 ········································216 8.2 类定义 ········································217 8.3 创建对象 ····································218 8.4 对象作为参数 ····························221 8.5 对象作为返回值 ························222 8.6 内置的类属性 ····························223 8.7 继承 ············································225 8.8 方法重写 ····································228 8.9 数据封装 ····································229 8.10 数据隐藏 ··································230 8.11 本章要点 ··································232 8.12 关键术语 ··································233 8.13 复习题 ······································234 附录A 使用算法和流程图进行练习 ···243 附录B 使用算法和伪代码解决问题的练习题··················297 附录C 基本标准库模块·····················321

前言数字电子领域的发展以及最近几十年产生的大量数据宣告了第二次工业革命(也常被称为信息革命)的到来。信息技术在这场新的革命中扮演了日趋重要的角色。因此，拥有良好的关于计算机处理和分析数据的知识对于每个求职者来说变得不可或缺，这不仅在IT领域中，在其他领域也同样适用。所以，印度的很多大学和学院已经开设向本科学生讲授关于科学计算基础和使用Python解决问题的学科。本书可以满足本科学生的这些需求。学习Python的原因Python是一门高级的、解释型的、典型的、动态的、开源的、多范式的、多用途的编程语言。它非常简单但也非常强大。Python虽然没有提供特殊的工具或特性来完成用其他语言不能完成的事情，但它优雅的设计和一些特征使得Python易于使用。本书特色本书可以确保读者平稳顺利地成为一名Python专家。本书全篇使用由易到难、易于学习的方式。本书中所有的章节都强调通过解决问题来学习的观念。Python的每个特性都会通过一个完整的程序示例来深入讲解其用法。有些概念在需要时会使用图形方式来解释，从而可以帮助你更好地理解其中含义。本书呈现了当代流行的编程方法并实现了理论和实践的有效结合。本书所有内容都遵循通用的结构，为教师和学生提供了大量学习和评估的工具。本书的突出特点本书的突出特点包括以下几个方面： ●本书使用从下至上的方法来解释概念。 ●附录中会对算法和流程图进行额外的讨论。 ●本书通篇提供带注释的代码来阐述Python多种特性的用法。● 独立于正文的补充信息和重要提示包含在特殊的方框中，开头以“注意”标明。● 每章末尾的需要牢记的知识点总结了重要知识点，方便读者回顾学过的知识点。● 书中每个小节之后的小测试能帮助读者评估学习成果。● 每章中的关键术语会罗列在章末。章末的复习题包含了多选题的题干和答案、简答题以及程序题，可以帮助读者检测相关概念的理解程度。本书的结构本书包含8章。前两章向读者介绍了电子计算机(基本结构、编程语言、操作系统、解决问题的策略等)。后面6章或多或少地呈现了编写程序的一些常规介绍。读者可以学习变量、类型、语句、条件、循环、函数、递归、类和继承。在所有的章中，都首先解释基本概念，然后读者通过实验过程来发现和检测自己对概念的理解程度。网络资源可通过访问http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9352602587来获取一些网络资源，其内容包括：● 答案手册● 演讲的PPT 需要以上相关信息的读者需要填写本书最后的“麦格劳-希尔教育教师服务表”，与销售代表联系。1. 重要的标准库(a) argparse (b) csv (c) math (d) os (e) pickle (f) random (g) subprocess 2. 安装第三方库的方法(a) 使用pip i. 在Windows 和Linux下安装pip ii. 使用pip安装一个包V(b) 通过源文件安装包3. 一些重要的第三方库(a) Requests(b) BeautifulSoup4. 代码调试(a) 理解异常异常列表和可能的原因(b) Python调试器-pdb