Chapter 1 General Introduction to International Trade 1.1 What Is International Trade 1.2 The Importance of International Trade 1.2.1 IntemationalTrade Restrictions 1.2.2 Differences Between International Trade and Domestic Trade 1.3 World Trade Organization 1.3.1 Overview 1.3.2 Functions of the WTO 1.3.3 Basic Principles 1.3.4 Missions 1.3.5 Formal Structure 1.4 Main Procedure of International Trade 1.4.1 Basic Procedure of Export 1.4.2 Basic Procedure of Import 1.5 Relative International Practice and Laws 1.6 Overview of Contract 1.6.1 The Functions of a Written Contract 1.6.2 The Essential Features of a Legally Binding Contract 1.6.3 The General Contents of a Sales Contract 1.7 Overview of This Book Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 2 International Trade Terms 2.1 Introduction to Trade Terms 2.1.1 Warsaw—Oxford Rules 1932 2.1.2 Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 2.1.3 International Commercial Terms 2.2 Introduction to Incoterms 2010 2.3 Incoterms 2000 vs.Incoterms 2010 2.4 Incoterms and Contract 2.5 Choice of Trade Terms Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 3 Terms of Commodity 3.1 Name of Commodity 3.1.1 Commodity Naming Methods 3.1.2 HSCode 3.1.3 Name Clauses in the Contract 3.2 Quality of Commodity 3.2.1 Quality Stipulation Methods 3.2.2 Quality Latitude and Quality Tolerance 3.2.3 Quality Clauses in the Contract 3.3 Quantity of Commodity 3.3.1 Unit of Measurement 3.3.2 Calculation of weight 3.3.3 Quantity Allowance Clauses 3.3.4 Quantity Clauses in the Contract 3.4 Packing of Commodity 3.4.1 Transport Packing 3.4.2 Sales Packing 3.4.3 Neutral Packing and Designated Brand 3.4.4 Packing Clauses in the Contract Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter4 International Cargo Transport 4.1 Containerization 4.1.1 Features of Container Transportation 4.1.2 Types of Container 4.1.3 Freight of Container Transportation 4.2 Modes of Transportation 4.2.1 Marine Transport 4.2.2 Air Transportation 4.2.3 Railway Transportation 4.2.4 International Multi—modal Transport 4.2.5 Land Bridge Transport 4.2.6 Postal Transport 4.2.7 Pipelines Transport 4.3 Shipment Clauses in sales Contract 4.3.1 Time of Shipment and Time of Delivery 4.3.2 Port of Shipment and Port of Destination 4.3.3 Shipping Advice 4.3.4 Partial Shipment and Transshipment 4.3.5 Lay Time， Demurrage and Dispatch Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 5 International Cargo Transport Insurance 5.1 Principles of Cargo Insurance 5.1.1 Principle of Insurable Interest 5.1.2 Principle of Utmost Good Faith 5.1.3 Principle of Indemnity 5.1.4 Principle of Proximate Cause 5.2 The Definition of Insurance 5.3 Parties to the insurance 5.3.1 Insurer 5.3.2 Insured 5.3.3 Brokers 5.4 Marine Insurance 5.4.1 Risks 5.4.2 Losses 5.4.3 Expenses 5.5 Scope of Insurance Coverage 5.5.1 Basic Coverage 5.5.2 Additional Risks 5.6 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC 5.6.1 Institute Cargo Clauses A 5.6.2 Institute Cargo Clauses B 5.6.3 Institute Cargo Clauses C 5.6.4 Major Exclusion 5.7 Procedures of Marine Insurance 5.7.1 Gather Information 5.7.2 Choose the Insurance Coverage 5.7.3 Get Quotes 5.7.4 Pay the Insurance Premium 5.7.5 Purchase the Insurance Policy 5.7.6 Lodge an Insurance Claim 5.8 Insurance Clauses in Contract Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 6 Price of Goods 6.1 Price Elements 6.1.1 Pricing Principles 6.1.2 Pricing Consideration 6.1.3 Pricing Methods 6.1.4 Pricing Composition 6.1.5 Currency Option 6.2 Calculation of Price 6.3 Export Cost Accounting 6.4 Commission and Discount 6.4.1 Price Including Commission 6.4.2 Price with discount 6.5 Price Clause in Sales Contract Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 7 Credit Instruments 7.1 Summary of Instruments 7.1.1 Definition oflnstruments 7.1.2 Essential Features of Negotiable Instruments 7.1.3 Functions of Negotiable Instruments 7.1.4 The Legal System of Instruments 7.2 Bill of Exchange （Draft， Bill） 7.2.1 Definition of Bill of Exchange 7.2.2 Contents of a Bill of Exchange 7.2.3 The Acts of Bills of Exchange 7.2.4 The Classification of the Drawer 7.2.5 The Order of Making Recourse 7.3 Promissory Note 7.3.1 Definition of Promissory note 7.3.2 The Definition from the Negotiable Instruments Law of the People's Republic of China 7.3.3 The Key Elements in the Promissory Note 7.3.4 Classification of Promissory Notes 7.3.5 Differences Between a Promissory Note and a Bill of Exchange 7.4 Check （Cheque） 7.4.1 Definition of Check 7.4.2 Classification of Check 7.4.3 Differences Between a Check and a Bill of Exchange Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 8 International Payment and Settlement 8.1 Remittance 8.1.1 The Definition of Remittannce 8.1.2 Parties to an Remittance 8.1.3 The Classification of Remittance 8.1.4 Reimbursement of Remittance Cover 8.1.5 Cancel the Remittance or Refund the Imbursement 8.1.6 The Application of Remittance in International trade 8.2 Collection 8.2.1 Definition of Collection 8.2.2 Nature of Collection 8.2.3 Procedure of Documentary Collection 8.2.4 The Involved Parties in Collection 8.2.5 Types of Collection 8.2.6 The Property， Advantages and Disadvantages 8.2.7 The Rules of Uniform Rules for Collections 522 （URC522） 8.2.8 Points for Attention for Collection 8.2.9 Risk and Protection for Exporters and Importers 8.2.10 Financing under the Collection 8.3 The Letter of Credit 8.3.1 The definition of L／C 8.3.2 Parties to a Letter of Credit 8.3.3 The Procedure of Credit L／C 8.3.4 Characteristics of a Letterof Credit 8.3.5 The Use of a Letter of Credit 8.3.6 Contents of a Letter of Credit 8.3.7 The Varieties of Documentary Credit 8.3.8 Other Special Credits 8.3.9 Combined Use of Different Methods of Payment Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 9 Inspection， Claims， Force Majeure and Arbitration 9.1 Inspection 9.1.1 The Implication of Commodity Inspection 9.1.2 The Importance of Commodity Inspection 9.1.3 Import and Export Commodity Inspection 9.1.4 Time and Place of Inspection 9.1.5 Inspection Standard 9.1.6 Inspection Certificate 9.1.7 Inspection Clause 9.1.8 Inspection procedures 9.2 Claim 9.2.1 Breach of Contract 9.2.2 Liabilities of Breach of Contract 9.2.3 Valid Term for Claim 9.3 Force Majeure 9.3.1 Definition of Force Majeure 9.3.2 Features of Force Majeure 9.3.3 Consequences of Force Majeure 9.3.4 Force Majeure Clause 9.4 Arbitration 9.4.1 The Definition of Arbitration 9.4.2 Characteristics of Arbitration 9.4.3 Arbitration Clauses Key Terms and Words Exercise Chapter 10 Business Negotiation and Establishment of Contract 10.1 The General Process of Business Negotiation 10.2 Enquiry 10.2.1 Types of Enquiry 10.2.2 Guidelines for Writing Enquiries and Replies 10.3 Offer 10.3.1 The Meaning of an Offer 10.3.2 Types of an Offer 10.3.3 Four Necessary Conditions of a Firm Offer 10.3.4 Time of Validity or Duration of an Offer 10.3.5 Withdrawal or Revocation of an Offer 10.3.6 Termination of an Offer 10.4 Counter—offer 10.5 Acceptance 10.5.1 The Meaning of Acceptance 10.5.2 Effective Time of Acceptance 10.5.3 Late Acceptance 10.5.4 Withdrawal of Acceptance 10.6 Conclusion of Contract 10.6.1 Necessary Conditions of an Effective Contract 10.6.2 Forms of a Written Contract 10.6.3 Structure of a Written Contract Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 11 Exporting and Importing Procedures 11.1 Exporting Procedures 11.1.1 Preparation Stage of Export Contract 11.1.2 Negotiation Stage of Export Contract 11.1.3 Performance Stage of Export Contract 11.2 Importing Procedures 11.2.1 Preparation Stage of Import Contract 11.2.2 Negotiation Stage of Import Contract 11.2.3 Performance Stage of Import Contract Key Terms and Words Exercises Chapter 12 Modes of International Trade 12.1 Agency and Distribution 12.1.1 Agency 12.1.2 Distribution 12.2 Consignment 12.2.1 Definition 12.2.2 Features 12.2.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of consignment 12.3 Tenders and Auction 12.3.1 Tenders 12.3.2 Auction 12.4 Counter Trade 12.4.1 Main Reasons Why Counter Trade is Employed 12.4.2 Specific Forms of Counter Trade 12.5 Futures Trading 12.5.1 Introduction to Futures Trading 12.5.2 Main Types of Futures Traders 12.5.3 Danger of Futures Trading 12.6 E—commerce 12.6.1 Definition of E—commerce 12.6.2 Types of E—commerce 12.6.3 Benefits of E—commerce 12.6.4 Limitations of E—commerce 12.6.5 Tips for Running a successful E—commerce Business 12.6.6 The Future of E—commerce Key Terms and Words Exercises References
