ALTIUM DESIGNER23 电路板设计实用教程――基于大学生电子大赛

本书以2023 年正式发布的全新Altium Designer 23（版本为Altium Designer 23.1.1）为基础进行介绍，Altium Designer 23 兼容Altium Designer 18 以上版本。全书共8 章，包括电子设计绘制前期准备、原理图库的认识及创建、电赛声源小车原理图的绘制、PCB 封装设计规范及创建、电赛声源小车的PCB 布局、电赛声源小车的PCB 布线、PCB 的DRC 与生产文件的输出及同轴电缆长度与终端负载检测装置设计等内容。本书以实战方式进行介绍，实例丰富、内容翔实、条理清晰、通俗易懂，有利于读者将理论与实践结合。本书内容先易后难，不断深入，适合读者学习和操作。本书采用中文版软件进行讲解，目的在于使读者看完后，可按照操作步骤设计出自己想要的产品。本书可作为高等院校电子信息类专业的教学用书，也可作为大学生进行课外电子制作、参与电子设计竞赛的参考书和培训教材，还可作为广大电子设计工编著者快速入门及进阶的参考书。本书随书赠送了超过16小时的超长基础案例视频教程。读者可以通过扫描本书封底的二维码或登录PCB 联盟网下载。

目录 第1 章 电子设计绘制前期准备 ························································································.1 1.1 Altium Designer 23 的安装 ···························································································.1 1.1.1 安装系统配置要求 ····························································································.1 1.1.2 Altium Designer 23 的安装步骤 ·············································································.2 1.1.3 Altium Designer 23 的激活步骤 ·············································································.3 1.2 Altium Designer 23 常用系统参数的设置 ·········································································.4 1.2.1 中英文版本切换 ·······························································································.5 1.2.2 系统高亮及交叉选择模式设置 ·············································································.5 1.2.3 文件关联开关 ··································································································.5 1.2.4 软件的升级及插件的安装路径 ·············································································.6 1.2.5 自动保存设置 ··································································································.6 1.3 原理图系统参数的设置 ·······························································································.7 1.3.1 “Schematic-General”选项卡 ···············································································.7 1.3.2 “Schematic-Graphical Editing”选项卡 ···································································.9 1.3.3 “Schematic-Compiler”选项卡 ···········································································.10 1.3.4 “Schematic-Grids”选项卡 ················································································.10 1.3.5 “Schematic-Break Wire”选项卡 ·········································································.11 1.3.6 “Schematic-Defaults”选项卡 ·············································································.11 1.4 PCB 系统参数的设置 ·······························································································.12 1.4.1 “PCB Editor-General”选项卡 ············································································.12 1.4.2 “PCB Editor-Display”选项卡 ············································································.13 1.4.3 “PCB Editor-Board Insight Display”选项卡 ···························································.13 1.4.4 “PCB Editor-Board Insight Modes”选项卡 ····························································.14 1.4.5 “PCB Editor-Board Insight Color Overrides”选项卡 ·················································.15 1.4.6 “PCB Editor-DRC Violations Display”选项卡 ························································.16 1.4.7 “PCB Editor-Interactive Routing”选项卡 ······························································.16 1.4.8 “PCB Editor-Defaults”选项卡 ···········································································.18 1.4.9 “PCB Editor-Layer Colors”选项卡 ······································································.19 1.5 系统参数的保存与调用 ·····························································································.19 1.6 Altium Designer 23 导入/导出插件的安装 ······································································.20 1.7 电子设计流程基本概述 ·····························································································.22 1.7.1 工程的组成 ···································································································.22 1.7.2 完整工程的创建 ·····························································································.23 Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程――基于大学生电子大赛 VI 1.7.3 新建或添加/移除原理图库 ·················································································.25 1.7.4 新建或添加/移除原理图 ····················································································.26 1.7.5 新建或添加封装库 ··························································································.26 1.7.6 新建或添加/移除PCB ······················································································.26 1.8 本章小结 ···············································································································.27 第2 章 原理图库的认识及创建 ······················································································.28 2.1 元件符号的认识 ······································································································.28 2.2 原理图库编辑器 ······································································································.29 2.2.1 原理图库编辑器界面 ·······················································································.29 2.2.2 原理图库编辑器工作区参数 ··············································································.31 2.3 常用电容符号的创建 ································································································.32 2.3.1 添加或新建元件符号 ·······················································································.32 2.3.2 为新建元件符号命名 ·······················································································.32 2.3.3 绘制电容符号 ································································································.33 2.3.4 放置电容的引脚并设置其属性 ···········································································.33 2.3.5 电容属性设置 ································································································.34 2.4 IC 类元件符号的创建――复用开关IC-74HC4051PW,118 ··················································.35 2.5 IC 类元件符号的创建――主控STC12C5204AD-35I-SOP20 ···············································.37 2.6 二极管符号的创建 ···································································································.39 2.6.1 线条绘制方法 ································································································.39 2.6.2 多边形绘制方法 ·····························································································.40 2.7 三极管符号的创建 ···································································································.40 2.8 其他类型元件符号的创建 ··························································································.41 2.9 元器件的复制 ·········································································································.41 2.10 元器件的检查与报告 ······························································································.42 2.10.1 元器件的检查 ·······························································································.42 2.10.2 元器件的报告 ·······························································································.43 2.11 本章小结 ·············································································································.43 第3 章 电赛声源小车原理图的绘制 ···············································································.44 3.1 原理图编辑界面认识 ································································································.44 3.2 原理图页尺寸和栅格的设置 ·······················································································.45 3.2.1 原理图页尺寸的设置 ·······················································································.45 3.2.2 原理图栅格的设置 ··························································································.46 3.3 原理图模板的应用 ···································································································.47 3.3.1 打开系统默认模板 ··························································································.48 3.3.2 自定义模板 ···································································································.48 3.3.3 模板的调用 ···································································································.49 3.3.4 模板的删除 ···································································································.50 目录 VII 3.4 原理图绘制――MIC ································································································.50 3.4.1 元器件的放置 ································································································.50 3.4.2 元器件的复制 ································································································.51 3.4.3 元器件属性的编辑 ··························································································.52 3.4.4 元器件的选择、移动、旋转及镜像 ·····································································.54 3.4.5 元器件的复制、粘贴 ·······················································································.56 3.4.6 元器件的排列与对齐 ·······················································································.57 3.5 电气连接关系的设置 ································································································.58 3.5.1 绘制导线及设置导线属性 ·················································································.58 3.5.2 放置网络标号 ································································································.59 3.5.3 放置电源及地 ································································································.60 3.6 非电气对象的放置 ···································································································.61 3.6.1 放置辅助线 ···································································································.62 3.6.2 放置字符标注 ································································································.63 3.7 元器件位号的重编 ···································································································.65 3.8 原理图的编译与检查 ································································································.67 3.8.1 原理图编译的设置 ··························································································.67 3.8.2 原理图的编译 ································································································.68 3.9 原理图的打印输出 ···································································································.69 3.10 BOM ··················································································································.71 3.11 本章小结 ·············································································································.74 第4 章 PCB 封装设计规范及创建 ··················································································.75 4.1 PCB 封装的组成 ·····································································································.75 4.2 封装库编辑界面 ······································································································.76 4.2.1 菜单栏 ·········································································································.76 4.2.2 工具栏 ·········································································································.77 4.2.3 绘制工具栏 ···································································································.77 4.2.4 工作面板 ······································································································.77 4.3 常见PCB 封装的设计规范及要求 ················································································.78 4.3.1 SMD PCB 封装设计 ·························································································.78 4.3.2 插件类型PCB 封装设计 ···················································································.82 4.3.3 沉板的特殊设计要求 ·······················································································.83 4.3.4 阻焊层设计 ···································································································.83 4.3.5 丝印设计 ······································································································.83 4.3.6 元器件1 脚、极性及安装方向的设计···································································.84 4.3.7 常用元器件封装图形 ·······················································································.85 4.4 常规PCB 封装创建法（0603 电阻PCB 封装创建） ·························································.86 4.5 阵列粘贴的PCB 封装创建法（SOP-8 PCB 封装创建） ····················································.89 4.6 IPC 封装向导的使用（SOP20 PCB 封装创建） ·······························································.92 Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程――基于大学生电子大赛 VIII 4.7 常用接插件的PCB 封装创建（USB 接口） ···································································.95 4.8 PCB 文件生成封装库 ·······························································································.98 4.9 3D 模型的创建及导入 ······························································································.98 4.9.1 常规3D 模型绘制 ···························································································.99 4.9.2 STEP 模型导入 ······························································································.102 4.10 PCB 封装的复制 ···································································································.103 4.11 PCB 封装的检查与报告 ··························································································.104 4.12 本章小结 ············································································································.105 第5 章 电赛声源小车的PCB 布局 ················································································.106 5.1 原理图导入PCB 及常见导入问题分析 ·········································································.106 5.1.1 原理图导入PCB ····························································································.107 5.1.2 导入过程常见报错解析 ···················································································.107 5.2 布局常用操作及快捷键的介绍 ···················································································.110 5.2.1 元器件选择 ··································································································.110 5.2.2 元器件移动 ··································································································.112 5.2.3 元器件对齐 ··································································································.113 5.2.4 元器件快速换层 ····························································································.113 5.3 常用布局快捷键的设置 ····························································································.114 5.3.1 常用系统快捷键 ····························································································.114 5.3.2 自定义快捷键 ·······························································································.115 5.4 板框的定义 ···········································································································.117 5.4.1 DXF 文件的导入 ····························································································.117 5.4.2 固定孔的放置 ·······························································································.118 5.5 PCB 布局要点及思路分析 ························································································.119 5.5.1 常规PCB 布局约束原则 ··················································································.120 5.5.2 常规元器件原则 ····························································································.120 5.5.3 按照信号走向布局原则 ···················································································.120 5.5.4 防止电磁干扰 ·······························································································.120 5.5.5 抑制热干扰 ··································································································.121 5.5.6 可调元器件布局原则 ······················································································.121 5.6 PCB 布局顺序及交互式、模块化布局 ·········································································.122 5.6.1 固定元器件的放置 ·························································································.122 5.6.2 交互式布局 ··································································································.122 5.6.3 模块化布局 ··································································································.123 5.7 单片机核心模块的PCB 布局要点 ···············································································.126 5.8 电源模块的PCB 布局要点 ························································································.127 5.9 USB 接口的PCB 布局要点 ·······················································································.127 5.10 其他模块的PCB 布局要点 ······················································································.128 5.10.1 MIC 模块的PCB 布局 ···················································································.128 目录 IX 5.10.2 红外传感器的PCB 布局 ·················································································.128 5.11 本章小结 ············································································································.129 第6 章 电赛声源小车的PCB 布线 ················································································.130 6.1 类的概念及创建 ·····································································································.131 6.1.1 类的概念 ·····································································································.131 6.1.2 网络类的创建 ·······························································································.131 6.1.3 差分类的创建 ·······························································································.133 6.2 常用PCB 规则设置 ·································································································.135 6.2.1 规则设置界面 ·······························································································.135 6.2.2 电气规则设置 ·······························································································.135 6.2.3 布线规则设置 ·······························································································.141 6.2.4 过孔规则设置 ·······························································································.143 6.2.5 阻焊规则设置 ·······························································································.143 6.2.6 铜皮规则设置 ·······························································································.144 6.2.7 差分规则设置 ·······························································································.145 6.2.8 规则的导入与导出 ·························································································.148 6.3 布线常用操作 ········································································································.149 6.3.1 鼠线的打开与关闭 ·························································································.149 6.3.2 层的管理 ·····································································································.151 6.3.3 元素的显示与隐藏 ·························································································.152 6.3.4 多条走线的操作 ····························································································.153 6.3.5 PCB 设计中的敷铜处理 ···················································································.153 6.4 PCB 扇孔原则 ·······································································································.159 6.4.1 扇孔推荐做法及不推荐做法 ·············································································.159 6.4.2 扇孔的拉线 ··································································································.160 6.5 电赛声源小车核心部分的布线 ···················································································.162 6.5.1 MCU 信号布线 ······························································································.162 6.5.2 MCU 电源布线 ······························································································.162 6.6 晶振的布线 ···········································································································.163 6.7 整板电源供电布线要求 ····························································································.164 6.8 MIC 的PCB 布线 ···································································································.164 6.9 USB 接口的PCB 布线 ·····························································································.165 6.10 其他PCB 布线要点 ·······························································································.166 6.10.1 GND 孔的放置 ·····························································································.166 6.10.2 走线与铜皮优化 ···························································································.166 6.11 本章小结 ············································································································.168 第7 章 PCB 的DRC 与生产文件的输出 ·······································································.169 7.1 常见设计规则验证设置 ····························································································.169 Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程――基于大学生电子大赛 X 7.1.1 DRC 设置 ·····································································································.169 7.1.2 电气性能检查 ·······························································································.170 7.1.3 布线检查 ·····································································································.171 7.1.4 Stub 线头检查 ·······························································································.171 7.1.5 丝印上阻焊检查 ····························································································.172 7.1.6 元器件高度检查 ····························································································.172 7.1.7 元器件间距检查 ····························································································.172 7.2 常见DRC 步骤和结果释义 ·······················································································.173 7.2.1 DRC 步骤 ·····································································································.173 7.2.2 常见DRC 结果释义 ························································································.174 7.3 丝印的调整 ···········································································································.175 7.3.1 丝印位号调整的原则及常规推荐尺寸 ·································································.175 7.3.2 丝印位号的调整方法 ······················································································.176 7.4 PCB 尺寸标注 ·······································································································.176 7.4.1 线性标注 ·····································································································.176 7.4.2 圆弧半径标注 ·······························································································.178 7.5 距离测量 ··············································································································.178 7.5.1 点到点距离的测量 ·························································································.178 7.5.2 边缘间距的测量 ····························································································.178 7.6 PCB 生产文件的输出 ······························································································.179 7.6.1 Gerber 文件的输出 ·························································································.179 7.6.2 钻孔文件的输出 ····························································································.183 7.6.3 IPC 网表的输出 ·····························································································.184 7.6.4 坐标文件的输出 ····························································································.185 7.7 PDF 装配图的输出 ·································································································.185 7.7.1 装配图PDF 文件的输出 ··················································································.186 7.7.2 多层线路PDF 文件的输出 ···············································································.188 7.8 PCB 制板说明书的制作 ···························································································.189 7.9 本章小结 ··············································································································.191 第8 章 同轴电缆长度与终端负载检测装置设计 ·····························································.192 8.1 实例简介 ··············································································································.192 8.2 原理图的编译与检查 ·······························································································.192 8.2.1 工程的创建与添加 ·························································································.192 8.2.2 原理图编译设置 ····························································································.193 8.2.3 编译与检查 ··································································································.193 8.3 封装匹配的检查及