中国科学技术指标

本书主要采用了截至2021年底的科技统计数据及相关的经济、社会统计数据，重点反映《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006—2020年）》和《“十三五”国家科技创新规划》实施以来中国科学技术发展的基本态势，揭示科技活动在支撑经济社会转型发展过程中的主要特征，展现中国增强自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的历史进程。

中华人民共和国科学技术部是国务院主管国家科学技术工作的部门。中华人民共和国科学技术部贯彻落实党中央关于科技创新工作的方针政策和决策部署，在履行职责过程中坚持和加强党对科技创新工作的集中统一领导。

\"综　述································································································ 1 第一章研究与试验发展人员 ································································11 第一节研究与试验发展人员概况····················································· 11 第二节研究与试验发展人员的结构·················································· 14 第三节科技人力资源培养······························································ 18 第二章研究与试验发展经费 ································································23 第一节研究与试验发展经费概况····················································· 23 第二节研究与试验发展经费的结构·················································· 28 第三节研究与试验发展经费的来源与流向········································· 34 第四节国家财政科学技术支出························································ 37 第三章科技活动产出 ·········································································43 第一节科技论文·········································································· 43 第二节专利············································································· 55 第三节技术交易·········································································· 63 第四章企业的研究与试验发展活动及创新 ··············································67 第一节企业的研究与试验发展活动·················································· 67 第二节工业企业的研究与试验发展活动············································ 72 第三节工业企业的产学研合作与技术获取········································· 80 第四节企业的创新活动································································· 84 第五章高等学校的科技活动 ································································92 第一节高等学校基本概况······························································ 92 第二节高等学校研究与试验发展机构及人员······································ 95 第三节高等学校的研究与试验发展经费·········································· 100 第四节高等学校科技活动产出与成果转化······································· 106 第六章政府研究机构的科技活动 ························································ 112 第一节研究机构基本概况···························································· 112 第二节研究机构的 R&D人员 ······················································· 114 第三节研究机构 R&D经费 ·························································· 117 第四节科技活动产出与成果转让··················································· 125 第七章高技术产业与创新创业 ··························································· 132 第一节高技术产业····································································· 132 第二节高技术产品····································································· 140 第三节国家高新区与创业孵化载体················································ 144 第四节创业风险投资·································································· 149 第八章地区科学技术指标 ································································· 154 第一节主要科技指标地区分布······················································ 154 第二节区域科技分布特征···························································· 167 第九章公民对科学技术的理解与态度 ·················································· 178 第一节公民的科学素质状况························································· 178 第二节公民的科技信息来源························································· 183 第三节公民对科学技术的态度······················································ 190 附　表 ······················