目录
Chapter1:翻译简述
1.1 什么是翻译
1.2 译者的素质
1.3 翻译技巧的重要性
1.4 翻译原则
1.5 翻译的过程
1.6 翻译工作的六大趋势
1.7 提高翻译水平之道
1.8 课堂评估测试
Chapter2:词法翻译
2.1 词类转译
2.2 省词与增词翻译
2.3 语义翻译
2.4 数字的翻译
Chapter3:结构翻译
3.1 否定句的翻译
3.2 被动句的翻译
3.3 长句的翻译
Chapter4:文化翻译
4.1 Differences between “Culture”in English and 文化 in Chinese汉英文化的差异
4.2 文化与语言的关系
4.3 翻译与文化
4.4 文化中的词义翻译
4.5 习语的文化内涵与翻译
4.6 委婉语的文化内涵与翻译
4.7 比较与分析
4.8 练习
Chapter5:文学翻译
5.1 文学翻译的定义
5.2 文学翻译的范畴
5.3 文学翻译的标准
5.4 文学翻译的过程
5.5 文学翻译需要注意的方面
5.6 练习
Chapter6:科学文本翻译
6.1 科学翻译的文本类型和范畴
6.2 科学文本的特点
6.3 比较与分析
6.4 练习
Chapter7:应用文本翻译
Chapter8:一些翻译术语及其理解
Appendix1 对比阅读
Appendix2 常用头街
Appendix3 常用公示语
Appendix4 论文参考题目
Appendix5 阅读书目
参考文献
摘要
Translation, generally speaking, implies rendering from one language into another of something written or spoken. It is essentially the faithful representation in one language of what is written or spoken in another. It is the replacement of the information of the source language by its counterpart of the target language. Also it can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
However, translation, in a narrow sense, is the practice of finding the equivalent both in form and essence between two cultures. The two terms translation and translating should be distinguished for a translator. Translation just refers to the act that the translator translates from one language into another, and translating is the process in which the translator does his best to convey the message of the source language. Furthermore, translating is not a word-for-word conversion, but a process of bilingual and intercultural communication. It expresses the message of the source language from the receptor language message, and the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that between the original receptor and the message.
Translating means communicating, and this process depends on what is received by persons hearing or reading a translation. Judging the validity of a translation cannot stop with comparison of corresponding lexical meanings, grammatical classes, or rhetorical devices. As a means of communication, translation plays an important role in human civilization. In the West, literary translation can be traced back to 300 B. C. , while in China, recorded translation activities were even earlier, dating from the Zhou Dynasty (1100 B. C. ). However, not until recent centuries, especially by the end of the 19th century did systematic study of translation get under way. In the past decades translation theories and activities have developed fast both at home and abroad.
World-famous British writer and dictionary compiler, Sammel Johnson, once said, "To translate is to change into another language, retaining as much of the sense as one can. " This definition for translation has two key points. One is "to change into", which tells us that translation is an act of putting one language in place of another language.
……