Timothy Hall：毕业于美国哥伦比亚大学，英语语言学专业硕士。Arthur H. Milch：美国新泽西学院TESOL专业教育学硕士。Denise McCormack：美国新泽西学院TESOL专业教育学硕士。
目录
章？日语词汇新思维/1第二章？日语词（训读）/5あ/11い/16う/19え/25お/26か/32き/42く/44け/50こ/52IntroductionHow to Use This BookPART 1 Basic ComprehensionUnit 1 Vocabulary 3Animals / Sports / Weather / TechnologyUnit 2 Reference 25Science / Music / History / EconomicsUnit 3 Factual Information 47So Issues / Space / Art / GeographyUnit 4 Negative Factual Information 67Culture / Astronomy / Films / PhysicsUnit 5 Sentence Simplification 87Biology / Weather / Environment / LawPART 2 Making InferencesUnit 6 Rhetorical Purpose 113Science / Sociology / Geography / PsychologyUnit 7 Inference 137Journalism / Health Science / Government / CultureUnit 8 Insert Text 161Biography / So Issues / Literature / SportsPART 3 Reading to LearnUnit 9 Prose Summary 183Law / Agriculture / Health Science / EconomicsUnit 10 Fill in a Table 207Astronomy / History / Biology / GeologyVocabulary Wrap-up 227Actual Test 239Contents （Answer Book）Unit 1 Vocabulary 255Unit 2 Reference 258Unit 3 Factual Information 262Unit 4 Negative Factual Information 265Unit 5 Sentence Simplification 268Unit 6 Rhetorical Purpose 271Unit 7 Inference 275Unit 8 Insert Text 278Unit 9 Prose Summary 282Unit 10 Fill in a Table 285Actual Test 288
摘要
IntroductionA. Information on the TOEFL？ iBT 1. The Format of the TOEFL？ iBTSection Number of Questions Timing ScoreReading ？ 3~5 Passages - approximately 700 words each - 12~14 questions per passage 60~100 min. 30 pointsListening ？ 2~3 Conversations - 12~25 exchanges each (3 min.) - 5 questions per conversation？ 4~6 Lectures - 500~800 words each (3~5 min.) - 6 questions per lecture 60~90 min. 30 pointsBREAK 10 min. Speaking ？ 2 Independent Tasks (preparation: 15 sec. / response: 45 sec.) ① 1 personal experience ② 1 personal choice/opinion？ 2 Integrated Tasks: Read-Listen-Speak (preparation: 30 sec. / response: 60 sec.) ① 1 campus situation topic - reading: 75~100 words (45 sec.) - conversation: 150~180 words (60~80 sec.) ② 1 academic course topic - reading: 75~100 words (45 sec.) - lecture: 150~220 words (60~90 sec.)？ 2 Integrated Tasks: Listen-Speak (preparation: 20 sec. / response: 60 sec.) ① 1 campus situation topic - conversation: 180~220 words (60~90 sec.) ② 1 academic course topic - lecture: 230~280 words (90~120 sec.) 20 min. 30 pointsWriting ？ 1 Integrated Task: Read-Listen-Write (20 min.) - reading: 230~300 words (3 min.) - lecture: 230~300 words (2 min.) - a summary of 150~225 words？ 1 Independent Task (30 min.) - a minimum 300-word essay 50 min. 30 points2. What Is New about the TOEFL？ iBT?(1) The TOEFL？ iBT is delivered through the Internet in secure test centers around the world at the same time.(2) It tests all four language skills and is taken in the order of Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing, with a 10-minute break in the middle.(3) The test is 4.0~4.5 hours long, and all of the four test sections will be completed in one day.(4) Note taking is allowed throughout the entire test, including the Reading section. At the end of the test, all notes are collected and destroyed at the test center. (5) Compared with the computer-based test (CBT) and paper-based test (PBT), the TOEFL？ iBT has no Structure section. Grammar is tested indirectly on questions and tasks in each section.(6) In the Listening section, one lecture may be spoken with a British or Australian accent. (7) There are integrated tasks requiring test takers to combine more than one language skill in the Speaking and Writing sections.(8) In the Speaking section, test takers wear headphones and speak into a microphone when they respond. The responses are recorded and transmitted to ETS’s Online Scoring Network. (9) In the Writing section, test takers must type their responses. Handwriting is not possible. (10) Test scores will be reported online. Test takers can see their scores online 15 business days after the test and will also receive a copy of their score report by mail.B. Information on the Reading SectionThe Reading section of the TOEFL？ iBT measures test takers’ ability to understand university-level academic texts. This section has 3~5 passages, and the length of each passage is about 700 words. Some passages may have underlined words or phrases in shade. Test takers can click on them to see a definition or explanation. Test takers have to answer 12~14 questions per passage. 60~100 minutes are given to complete this section, including the time spent reading the passages and answering the questions. 1. Types of Reading Passages(1) Exposition – Material that provides an explanation of a topic(2) Argumentation – Material that presents a point of view about a topic and provides evidence to support it(3) Historical narrative – An account of a past event or of a person’s life, narrated or written by someone elseBasic Comprehension Questions (1) Vocabulary (3~5 questions per set)_ This type of question asks you to identify the meanings of words and phrases in the reading passage.(2) Reference (0~2 questions per set)_ This type of question asks you to identify the referential relationship between the words in the passage. (3) Factual Information (3~6 questions per set)_ This type of question asks you to identify specific information that is explicitly stated in the passage.(4) Negative Factual Information (0~2 questions per set)_ This type of question asks you to check what information is NOT mentioned in the passage.(5) Sentence Simplification (0~1 question per set)_ This type of question asks you to choose the sentence that best paraphrases the essential information in the highlighted sentence._ This is a new type of question introduced in the TOEFL？ iBT.Inference Questions (6) Inference Questions (0~2 questions per set)_ This type of question asks you to identify an idea that is not explicitly stated in the passage.(7) Rhetorical Purpose Questions (0~2 questions per set)_ This type of question asks you why the author uses particular words, phrases, or sentences.(8) Insert Text Questions (0~1 question per set)_ This type of question provides an example sentence and asks you to decide where the best place for that sentence would be in the passage.Reading to Learn Questions (9) Prose Summary (1 question per set)_ This type of question asks you to complete a summary chart with major ideas from the passage._ This question is worth up to 2 points, and partial credit is given._ This type of question does not occur with a Fill in a Table question in a same passage._ This is a new type of question introduced in the TOEFL？ iBT.(10) Fill in a Table (1 question per set)_ This type of question asks you to identify and organize the major ideas of the passage into table categories. _ This question is worth up to 3 points for tables with 5 correct answers and 4 points for tables with 7 correct answers. Partial credit is given._ This type of question does not occur with a Prose Summary question in one passage. _ This is a new type of question introduced in the TOEFL？ iBT.2. Question FormatsThere are three question formats in the Reading section:(1) Four-choice questions with a single answer in traditional multiple-choice format(2) Four-choice questions with a single answer that ask test takers to insert a sentence where it fits best in a passage(3) Reading to Learn questions with more than four choices and more than one answer
