托福考试官方指南

《托福考试官方指南：第5版》首先概述托福考试信息，包括考试内容、考试流程、考试策略以及评分标准等。然后，分四大部分讲解阅读、听力、口语和写作。每部分都分类介绍考试题型，结合典型例题剖析题目特点并给出解题策略。此外，阅读和听力部分还分别给出6套和5套针对性练习；口语和写作部分分别给出评分细则、回答范例和考官评分意见。最后，提供4套全真模拟题，以两种形式给出——纸版和DVD光盘模考软件，供考生自测并熟悉托福实考环境。

ETS：美国教育考试服务中心（Educational Testing Service）成立于1947年，是非盈利教育考试、评估和研究机构，为美国少儿教育和高等教育开发了多种考试。目前，该组织还为近200个国家的个人、教育机构和政府部门提供服务，每年开展上千万人次的考试，包括TOEFL、TOEFL、TOEIC等这些国际性考试。

1 About the TOEFL iBT Test 1
Getting Started.1
How to Use This Book/DVD Package.2
All About the TOEFL iBT Test.4
Reading Section.7
Listening Section.12
Speaking Section.17
Writing Section.19
About Test Scores.21
General Skill-Building Tips.25
Test Preparation Tips from ETS.33
Questions Frequently Asked by Test Takers.34
2 Reading Section 37
Reading Passages.37
Reading Questions.38
Basic Information and Inferencing Questions.38
Reading to Learn Questions.50
Strategies for Preparing for the Reading Section.58
Reading Practice Sets.60
Practice Set 1.60
Practice Set 2.69
Practice Set 3.78
Practice Set 4.88
Practice Set 5.98
Practice Set 6.108
3 Listening Section 119
Listening Materials.119
Listening Questions.121
Basic Comprehension Questions.122
Pragmatic Understanding Questions.128
Connecting Information Questions.131
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Listening Section.137
Listening Practice Sets.139
Practice Set 1.139
Practice Set 2.144
Practice Set 3.149
Practice Set 4.154
Practice Set 5.160
4 Speaking Section 165
The Speaking Section.165
Speaking Questions.166
Independent: Questions 1 and 2.166
Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking: Questions 3 and 4.170
Integrated Listening/Speaking: Questions 5 and 6.179
Speaking Scoring Rubrics.188
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Speaking Section.192
Frequently Asked Questions About the TOEFL Speaking Section.193
5 Writing Section 195
The Writing Section.195
The Integrated Writing Task.196
How the Task Is Phrased.198
Strategies for Taking the Integrated Writing Task.199
Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric.201
Sample Scored Responses for the Integrated Writing Task.203
The Independent Writing Task.207
How Essays Are Scored.208
Independent Writing Scoring Rubric.210
Sample Scored Responses for the Independent Writing Task.212
Independent Writing Topics.217
Topic List.217
6 Authentic TOEFL iBT Practice Test 1 221
Reading.223
Listening.243
Speaking.257
Writing.263
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts.269
7 Authentic TOEFL iBT Practice Test 2 327
Reading.329
Listening.351
Speaking.365
Writing.371
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts.377
8 Authentic TOEFL iBT Practice Test 3 435
Reading.437
Listening.461
Speaking.477
Writing.483
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts.489
9 Authentic TOEFL iBT Practice Test 4 549
Reading.551
Listening.575
Speaking.591
Writing.597
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts.603
10 Writer’s Handbook for English Language Learners 669
Grammar.669
Usage.682
Mechanics.689
Style.699
Organization and Development.704
Advice to Writers.717
Revising, Editing, and Proofreading.723
Glossary.726
Appendix: Performance Feedback for Test Takers.731