This book describes the practical techniques for connecting the phenomenology of particle physics with the accepted modern theory known as the 'Standard Model'. The Standard Model of elementary particle interactions is the outstanding achievement of the past forty years of experimental and theoretical activity in particle physics. This book gives a detailed account of the Standard Model, focussing on the techniques by which the model can produce information about real observed phenomena. The text opens with a pedagogic account of the theory of the Standard Model. Introductions to the essential calculation techniques needed, including effective lagrangian techniques and path integral methods, are included. The major part of the text is concerned with the use of the Standard Model in the calculation of physical properties of particles. Rigorous and reliable methods (radiative corrections and nonperturbative techniques based on symmetries and anomalies) are emphasized, but other useful models (such as the quark and Skyrme models) are also described. The strong and electroweak interactions are not treated as independent threads, but rather are woven together into a unified phenomenological fabric. Manyexercises and diagrams are included.
目录
Preface ⅠInputs to the Standard Model Ⅰ.1 Quarks mad leptons Ⅰ.2 Chiral fermions The massless limit Parity, time reversal, and charge conjugation Ⅰ.3 Symmetries and near symmetries Noether currents Examples of Noether currents Approximate symmetry Ⅰ.4 Gauge symmetry Abelian case Nonabelian case Mixed case Ⅰ.5 On the fate of symmetries Hidden symmetry Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the sigma model Ⅱ Interactions of the Standard Model Ⅱ.1 Quantum Electrodynamics U(1) gauge symmetry QED to one loop On-shell renormalization of the electric charge Electric charge as a running coupling constant Ⅱ.2 Quantum Chromodynamics SU(3) gauge symmetry QCD to one loop Asymptotic freedom and renormalization group Ⅱ.3 Electroweak interactions Weak isospin and weak hypercharge assignments SU(2) L x U(1)y gauge-invariant lagrangian Spontaneous symmetry breaking Electroweak currents Ⅱ.4 Fermion mixing Diagonalization of mass matrices Quark mixing CP-violation and rephasing-invariants Ⅲ Symmetries and anomalies Ⅲ.1 Symmetries of the Standard Model Ⅲ.2 Path integrals and symmetries The generating functional Noether's theorem and path integrals Ⅲ.3 The U(1) axial anomaly Diagrammatic analysis Path integral analysis Ⅲ.4 Classical scale invariance and the trace anomaly Ⅲ.5 Chiral anomalies and vacuum structure The 8-vacuum The 0-term Connection with chiral rotations Ⅳ Introduction to effective lagrangians Ⅳ.1 Nonlinear lagrangians and the sigma model Representations of the sigma model Representation independence Ⅳ.2 Integrating out heavy fields The decoupling theorem Integrating out heavy fields at tree level Ⅳ.3 The low energy expansion Expansion in energy Loops Weinberg's power counting theorem Ⅳ.4 Symmetry breaking Ⅳ.5 PCAC The soft-pion theorem Ⅳ.6 Matrix elements of currents Matrix elements and the effective action Ⅳ.7 Heavy particles in effective lagrangians Ⅳ.8 Effective lagrangians in QED Ⅳ.9 Effective lagrangians as probes of new physics Ⅴ Leptons Ⅴ.1 The electron …… Ⅵ Very low energy QCD-pions and photons Ⅶ Introducing kaons and etas Ⅷ Kaons and the △S=1 interaction Ⅸ Kaon mixing and CP violation Ⅹ The N-1 expansion Ⅺ Phenomenological models Ⅻ Baryon properties ⅫⅠ Hadron spectroscopy ⅩⅣ Weak interactions of heavy quarks ⅩⅤ The higgs boson ⅩⅥ THe electroweak gauge bosons A Appendix-Functional integration B Appendix-Some field theoretic methods C Appendix-Useful formulae References Index
