电子技术基础技能（第2版）

本书依据多个省市职教高考技能测试考试大纲，设计有6个项目27个任务，包括常用电子仪器仪表和工具的使用、常用电子元器件的识别与检测、电子装调技能入门训练、单元电路安装与测试、小型电子产品制作与检测和技能综合训练等内容，提供10套技能高考模拟题，各项目有同步操作微视频、习题答案。 本书充分考虑了学生参加职教高考技能考试的需要，重点在于技能操作的多角度呈现，突出技能传授与提高的特点，具有"互联网+教材+配套训练套件+同步操作视频”的鲜明特色。

杨清德，高级讲师，任教于重庆市垫江县第一职业中学校。

项目1 常用仪器仪表和工具的使用·····················································.1 任务1.1 万用表的使用·······························································.1 一、数字万用表的使用···························································.1 二、指针式万用表的使用························································.4 三、台式万用表的使用···························································.7 任务1.2 直流稳压电源的使用·····················································.12 一、直流稳压电源简介··························································.12 二、直流稳压电源的基本操作··················································.14 任务1.3 函数信号发生器的使用··················································.16 一、DG1022U 任意函数信号发生器简介·····································.16 二、函数信号发生器的基本操作···············································.17 任务1.4 数字示波器的使用························································.18 一、数字示波器简介·····························································.18 二、DS1072U 数字示波器的使用方法········································.21 任务1.5 常用工具的使用···························································.22 一、常用工具的种类·····························································.23 二、常用工具的特点及用途····················································.23 三、常用工具的使用注意事项··················································.25 项目2 常用电子元器件的识别与检测·················································.26 任务2.1 电阻器的识别与检测·····················································.26 一、电阻器·········································································.26 二、固定电阻器的主要参数····················································.26 三、特殊电阻器···································································.28 四、检测固定电阻器·····························································.29 五、检测可变电阻器·····························································.30 任务2.2 电容器的识别与检测·····················································.31 一、电容器·········································································.31 二、电容器的主要参数··························································.35 三、检测电容器···································································.36 任务2.3 电感器和变压器的识别与检测··········································.38 一、电感器和变压器·····························································.38 二、电感器和变压器的主要参数···············································.39 三、电感器的主要作用··························································.39 四、检测色码电感器和电源变压器············································.40 任务2.4 二极管的识别与检测·····················································.41 一、二极管·········································································.42 二、二极管的主要参数及特性··················································.44 三、检测二极管···································································.45 任务2.5 三极管的识别与检测·····················································.47 一、三极管·········································································.47 二、三极管的主要参数··························································.48 三、检测三极管···································································.49 任务2.6 光电器件的识别与检测··················································.50 一、光敏电阻······································································.51 二、光电二极管···································································.52 三、光敏三极管···································································.53 四、热释电红外传感器··························································.53 五、光电耦合器···································································.54 任务2.7 其他常用元器件的识别··················································.55 一、集成电路······································································.55 二、磁性元件······································································.57 三、驻极体话筒···································································.58 四、蜂鸣器·········································································.58 五、液晶显示屏···································································.59 六、微型直流电动机·····························································.60 七、半导体传感器································································.60 八、接插件·········································································.60 项目3 电子装调技能入门训练·························································.62 任务3.1 电子装调工艺······························································.62 一、工艺文件······································································.62 二、电子产品装调须知··························································.64 三、电子产品装配流程··························································.65 四、电子产品硬件调试技术····················································.66 任务3.2 电子工程图·································································.67 一、识图的基本知识·····························································.68 二、识读框图······································································.68 三、识读电路原理图·····························································.68 四、识读PCB 图··································································.70 任务3.3 通孔元器件插装···························································.72 一、通孔元器件引脚整形加工工艺············································.72 二、插装通孔元器件·····························································.76 三、通孔元器件的手工焊接····················································.78 任务3.4 SMD 贴装··································································.80 一、手工焊接SMD 的要求······················································.80 二、焊接操作步骤及方法·······················································.81 三、评分标准······································································.82 项目4 单元电路的安装与测试·························································.84 任务4.1 串联可调直流稳压电源的安装与测试·································.84 知识1 串联可调直流稳压电源的基本原理·································.84 知识2 主要元器件的作用·····················································.85 操作1 清点元器件······························································.85 操作2 检测元器件······························································.86 操作3 安装串联可调直流稳压电源··········································.86 操作4 电路测试·································································.88 任务4.2 分压式偏置放大电路的安装与测试····································.90 知识1 分压式偏置放大电路的基本原理····································.90 知识2 主要元器件的作用·····················································.91 操作1 清点元器件······························································.91 操作2 检测元器件······························································.92 操作3 安装分压式偏置放大电路·············································.92 操作4 电路测试·································································.93 任务4.3 RC 文氏电桥振荡器的安装与测试·····································.95 知识1 RC 文氏电桥振荡器的基本原理·····································.95 知识2 主要元器件的作用·····················································.96 操作1 清点元器件······························································.96 操作2 检测元器件······························································.97 操作3 安装RC 文氏电桥振荡器·············································.97 操作4 电路测试·································································.98 任务4.4 音频功率放大器的安装与测试········································.100 知识1 音频功率放大器的基本原理········································.100 知识2 主要元器件的作用···················································.100 操作1 清点元器件····························································.101 操作2 检测元器件····························································.102 操作3 安装音频功率放大器················································.102 操作4 电路测试·······························································.103 任务4.5 单稳态触发器的安装与测试···········································.105 知识1 单稳态触发器的基本原理···········································.105 知识2 主要元器件的作用···················································.106 操作1 清点元器件····························································.106 操作2 检测元器件····························································.107 操作3 安装单稳态触发器···················································.107 操作4 电路测试·······························································.108 任务4.6 简单表决器的安装与测试·············································.109 知识1 简单表决器的基本原理·············································.109 知识2 主要元器件的作用·····················································110 操作1 清点元器件······························································110 操作2 检测元器件······························································111 操作3 安装简单表决器························································111 操作4 电路测试·································································112 项目5 小型电子产品的制作与检测····················································114 任务5.1 LM386 音频功率放大电路的制作与检测······························114 知识1 LM386 音频功率放大电路············································114 知识2 工艺要求·································································115 知识3 特殊元器件介绍························································116 技能1 清点与检测元器件·····················································116 技能2 电路安装·································································117 技能3 装配质量检查···························································118 技能4 电路调试·································································119 技能5 电路参数测量···························································119 任务5.2 双速流水灯电路的制作与检测········································.122 知识1 双速流水灯电路······················································.123 知识2 特殊元器件介绍······················································.124 技能1 清点与检测元器件···················································.126 技能2 电路安装·······························································.127 技能3 装配质量检查·························································.128 技能4 电路调试·······························································.128 技能5 电路参数测量·························································.129 任务5.3 红外接近开关电路的制作与检测·····································.132 知识1 红外接近开关电路···················································.132 知识2 特殊元器件介绍······················································.134 技能1 清点与检测元器件···················································.135 技能2 电路安装·······························································.136 技能3 装配质量检查·························································.137 技能4 电路调试·······························································.137 技能5 电路参数测量·························································.140 任务5.4 抢答器电路的制作与检测·············································.143 知识1 抢答器电路····························································.143 知识2 特殊元器件介绍······················································.144 技能1 清点与检测元器件···················································.146 技能2 电路安装·······························································.147 技能3 装配质量检查·························································.148 技能4 电路调试·······························································.148 技能5 电路参数测量·························································.149 任务5.5 波形产生与选择电路的制作与检测··································.152 知识1 波形产生与选择电路················································.153 知识2 特殊元器件介绍······················································.154 技能1 清点与检测元器件···················································.155 技能2 电路安装·······························································.156 技能3 装配质量检查·························································.157 技能4 电路调试·······························································.157 技能5 电路参数测量·························································.159 任务5.6 9s 即将开始电路的制作与检测··········································.162 知识1 9s 即将开始电路························································.163 知识2 特殊元器件介绍······················································.164 技能1 清点与检测元器件···················································.165 技能2 电路安装·······························································.166 技能3 装配质量检查·························································.167 技能4 电路调试·······························································.167 技能5 电路参数测量·························································.168 项目6 职业技能综合训练·······························································172 模拟试题1 非门构成的振荡电路试题··········································.172 一、基本任务····································································.172 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.173 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.173 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.174 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.175 模拟试题2 波形产生与整形电路试题··········································.176 一、基本任务····································································.176 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.176 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.177 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.177 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.179 模拟试题3 两级放大电路试题··················································.180 一、基本任务····································································.180 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.180 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.181 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.181 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.183 模拟试题4 十进制计数器试题··················································.183 一、基本任务····································································.183 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.184 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.185 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.185 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.187 模拟试题5 串稳-多谐振荡电路试题···········································.187 一、基本任务····································································.187 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.188 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.189 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.189 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.191 模拟试题6 波形变换电路试题··················································.192 一、基本任务····································································.192 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.192 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.193 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.194 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.195 模拟试题7 触发器应用电路试题················································.195 一、基本任务····································································.195 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.196 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.197 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.197 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.199 模拟试题8 运算放大器构成的OCL 功率放大电路试题·····················.200 一、基本任务····································································.200 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.200 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.201 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.202 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.203 模拟试题9 30s/90s 定时器试题·················································.204 一、基本任务····································································.204 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.205 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.206 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.206 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.208 模拟试题10 波形发生器试题····················································.208 一、基本任务····································································.208 二、元器件的识别、测试、选用（50 分）·································.209 三、PCB 的焊接与装配（65 分） ············································.210 四、通电调试与测试（110 分）··············································.210 五、职业素养与安全文明操作（25 分） ···································.212 附录 本书配套电子制作套件····························································213 参考文献·····························································