PartⅠ Academic Reading
Unit 1 Electric Circuits 2
1.1 Circuit Elements 2
1.2 Basic Laws 4
1.2.1 Ohm’s Law 4
1.2.2 Kirchhoff’s Laws 6
1.3 Circuit Analysis 8
1.3.1 Nodal Analysis 8
1.3.2 Mesh Analysis 10
Exercises 12
Unit 2 Embedded Systems 15
2.1 Introduction to Embedded Systems 15
2.1.1 Early Forms of Embedded Systems 15
2.1.2 Birth and Evolution of Modern Embedded Systems 16
2.1.3 Contemporary Embedded Systems 18
2.2 Structure of an Embedded System 21
2.2.1 Hardware Components 22
2.2.2 Software Components 23
2.3 Microprocessors Versus Microcontrollers 26
2.3.1 Microprocessor Units 26
2.3.2 Microcontroller Units 27
2.3.3 RISC Versus CISC and RISC Architectures 28
2.3.4 Programmer and Hardware Models 28
Exercises 30
Unit 3 Integrated Circuits 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 PN Junction and Diode 38
3.3 Transistor 43
3.3.1 BJT 43
3.3.2 FET 44
3.4 FPGA 48
3.4.1 FPGA Versus Microcontroller 48
3.4.2 What Is a Programmable Gate Array? 48
3.4.3 How Do You Program an FPGA? 49
Exercises 53
Unit 4 Signals and Systems 55
4.1 Introduction to Signals 55
4.2 Frequency Response of LTI Systems 59
4.3 Sampling Theorem 63
Exercises 67
Unit 5 Digital Signal Processing 70
5.1 Introduction to Digital Signal Processing 70
5.2 Structures for Discrete-Time Systems 73
5.3 Filter Design Techniques 77
Exercises 81
Unit 6 Digital Image Processing 84
6.1 Components of an Image Processing System 84
6.2 Examples of Fields That Use Digital Image Processing 87
6.3 Introduction to Pattern Recognition 91
Exercises 94
Unit 7 Principles of Communications 97
7.1 Electrical Communication Systems 97
7.2 Modulation and Multiplexing 101
7.2.1 Baseband Transmission 101
7.2.2 Broadband Transmission 102
7.2.3 Multiplexing 104
7.3 Digital Communication Techniques 106
7.3.1 Data Conversion 106
7.3.2 Elements of a Digital Communication System 109
Exercises 112
Unit 8 Mobile Communication 115
8.1 From 1G to 5G 115
8.1.1 A Brief History of Wireless Technologies 115
8.1.2 1G ― First Generation Mobile Communication System 115
8.1.3 2G ― Second Generation Mobile Communication System 116
8.1.4 3G ― Third Generation Mobile Communication System 117
8.1.5 4G ― Fourth Generation Mobile Communication System 118
8.1.6 5G ― Fifth Generation Mobile Communication System 118
8.1.7 Summary 119
8.2 Mobile Networks 120
8.2.1 Main Components 121
8.2.2 Radio Access Network 122
8.2.3 Mobile Core 123
Exercises 127
Unit 9 Optical Communication 129
9.1 Optical Communication Systems 129
9.1.1 Light Wave Communication in Free Space 129
9.1.2 Fiber-Optic Communication System 131
9.1.3 Applications of Fiber Optics 132
9.2 Passive Optical Networks 134
9.2.1 The PON Concept 134
9.2.2 PON Technologies 135
Exercises 138
Unit 10 Telecommunication Networks 141
10.1 A Telephone Network 141
10.1.1 Basic Telephony 141
10.1.2 Telephone System 143
10.2 Internet Telephony 148
10.2.1 VoIP Fundamentals 148
10.2.2 Internet Phone Systems 150
Exercises 152
Unit 11 Electromagnetics 156
11.1 Introduction of Electromagnetics 156
11.1.1 Importance of Electromagnetics 156
11.1.2 A Brief History of Electromagnetics 157
11.1.3 Applications of Electromagnetism 159
11.2 Engineering Electromagnetics and Waves 164
11.2.1 Lumped Versus Distributed Electrical Circuits 164
11.2.2 Electromagnetic Components 166
11.2.3 Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves 167
Exercises 171
Unit 12 Microwave Communication 174
12.1 Microwave Concepts 174
12.1.1 Microwave Frequencies and Bands 174
12.1.2 Benefits of Microwaves 175
12.1.3 Disadvantages of Microwaves 176
12.2 Microwave Communication Systems 179
12.2.1 Transmitters 179
12.2.2 Receivers 181
12.2.3 Transmission Lines 183
12.2.4 Antennas 184
Exercises 185
Unit 13 Basics of Computer Science 188
13.1 What Is a Computer? 188
13.1.1 Computer Hardware 189
13.1.2 Computer Software 191
13.1.3 Categories of Computers 193
13.2 Computer Networks 197
13.2.1 Network Hardware 197
13.2.2 Network Software 202
13.2.3 Internet Security 205
Exercises 212
Unit 14 New Technology Trends 215
14.1 Promising Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence 215
14.1.1 AI for Augmentation 215
14.1.2 AI Agents on Their Own 218
14.2 Ten Predictions on the Future of Machine Learning 221
14.3 Big Data 226
14.3.1 Definitions of Big Data 226
14.3.2 Big Data Management Architecture 229
14.3.3 Performance Matters 231
14.3.4 Traditional and Advanced Analytics 233
14.4 Quantum Internet 236
14.4.1 Introduction 236
14.4.2 Preliminaries 237
14.4.3 Quantum Internet Functionalities 241
14.4.4 Possible Applications 244
14.4.5 Future Directions 246
Exercises 251
PartⅡ Practical Guidance
Unit 15 Learning Skills 255
Exercises 259
Unit 16 Research Skills 261
Exercises 264
Unit 17 Careers in ECE 265
Exercises 271
Unit 18 Communication Skills 272
Exercises 275
References 277
