C语言程序设计（第五版）

本书共10章, 主要内容包含C语言概述、语法基础、顺序结构、选择结构、循环结构、数组、函数与编译预处理命令、指针、构造数据类型、文件以及位运算。本书结构清晰、由浅入深, 精选例题、结合实际, 行文流畅、图文并茂。书中的例题和程序都有详细的讲解和注释, 部分程序附有流程图或N-S图。

第1章 C语言概述.......................................................................................................................... 11.1 C语言简介 ......................................................................................................... 11.2 C语言程序的基本结构和书写风格 ..................................................................... 21.2.1 C语言程序的基本结构 .............................................................................................21.2.2 C语言程序的书写风格 .............................................................................................41.3 算法及算法的描述 .............................................................................................. 51.4 C语言程序的调试和运行步骤 ............................................................................ 71.5 在 Visual C++ 2010中运行C语言程序过程 ...................................................... 8小结........................................................................................................................... 11习题........................................................................................................................... 12第 2 章 C语言基础及顺序结构程序设计 ............................................................................. 132.1 C语言的字符集 ................................................................................................ 132.2 C语言的关键字、标识符和保留标识符 ............................................................ 132.2.1 关键字 ......................................................................................................................132.2.2 标识符 ......................................................................................................................142.2.3 保留标识符 ..............................................................................................................142.3 C语言的数据类型 ............................................................................................ 142.4 常量 .................................................................................................................. 152.4.1 整型常量 ..................................................................................................................152.4.2 实型常量 ..................................................................................................................152.4.3 字符常量 ..................................................................................................................162.4.4 字符串常量 ..............................................................................................................172.4.5 符号常量 ..................................................................................................................172.5 变量 .................................................................................................................. 182.5.1 变量的概念 ..............................................................................................................182.5.2 变量的定义与初始化 ..............................................................................................182.5.3 整型变量 ..................................................................................................................192.5.4 实型变量 ..................................................................................................................192.5.5 字符变量 ..................................................................................................................202.6 C 语言的运算符和表达式 .................................................................................. 212.6.1 运算符 ......................................................................................................................212.6.2 表达式 ......................................................................................................................212.6.3 运算符的优先级和结合性 ......................................................................................222.7 C语言中最基本的运算符和表达式 ................................................................... 232.7.1 算术运算符和算术表达式 ......................................................................................232.7.2 赋值运算符和赋值表达式 ......................................................................................242.7.3 关系运算符和关系表达式 ......................................................................................252.7.4 逻辑运算符和逻辑表达式 ......................................................................................262.7.5 条件运算符和条件表达式 ......................................................................................282.7.6 逗号运算符和逗号表达式 ......................................................................................282.7.7 强制类型转换运算符 ..............................................................................................292.8 C语言的基本语句 ............................................................................................ 302.9 数据的输入与输出 ............................................................................................ 312.9.1 字符输入 输出函数 ...............................................................................................312.9.2 格式输出函数 ..........................................................................................................322.9.3 格式输入函数 ..........................................................................................................352.10 顺序结构程序设计 .......................................................................................... 362.11 程序举例 ......................................................................................................... 38小结........................................................................................................................... 41习题........................................................................................................................... 41第 3 章 选择结构程序设计........................................................................................................443.1 if语句 ............................................................................................................... 443.1.1 if语句的三种形式 ...................................................................................................443.1.2 if语句的嵌套 ...........................................................................................................503.2 switch语句 ....................................................................................................... 533.3 程序举例 ........................................................................................................... 55小结........................................................................................................................... 59习题........................................................................................................................... 60第 4 章 循环结构程序设计........................................................................................................ 634.1 循环的概念 ....................................................................................................... 634.2 while语句 ......................................................................................................... 634.3 do...while语句 .................................................................................................. 674.4 for语句 ............................................................................................................. 694.5 break语句和 continue语句 .............................................................................. 724.5.1 break语句.................................................................................................................724.5.2 continue语句 ............................................................................................................744.6 循环的嵌套 ....................................................................................................... 754.7 程序举例 ........................................................................................................... 78小结........................................................................................................................... 82习题........................................................................................................................... 82第 5 章 数组...................................................................................................................................865.1 数组及数组元素的概念 ..................................................................................... 865.2 一维数组 ........................................................................................................... 865.2.1 一维数组的定义 ......................................................................................................865.2.2 一维数组元素的引用 ..............................................................................................875.2.3 一维数组的初始化 ..................................................................................................885.2.4 一维数组程序举例 ..................................................................................................885.3 二维数组 ........................................................................................................... 955.3.1 二维数组的定义 ......................................................................................................955.3.2 二维数组元素的引用 ..............................................................................................955.3.3 二维数组的初始化 ..................................................................................................955.3.4 二维数组程序举例 ..................................................................................................965.4 字符数组 ........................................................................................................... 995.4.1 字符数组的定义和初始化 ......................................................................................995.4.2 字符数组的输入 输出 .........................................................................................1015.4.3 常用的字符串处理函数 ........................................................................................1035.4.4 字符数组程序举例 ................................................................................................1065.5 程序举例 ......................................................................................................... 109小结......................................................................................................................... 110习题......................................................................................................................... 110第 6 章 函数与编译预处理命令..............................................................................................1136.1 函数概述 ......................................................................................................... 1136.1.1 模块化程序设计方法 ............................................................................................1136.1.2 函数的分类 ............................................................................................................1136.1.3 函数的定义 ............................................................................................................1136.2 函数的调用与形参和实参 ................................................................................ 1146.2.1 函数的调用方式 ....................................................................................................1146.2.2 函数的原型声明 ....................................................................................................1166.3 函数的参数传递方式与函数的返回值 .............................................................. 1166.3.1 函数的参数传递方式 ............................................................................................1166.3.2 函数的返回值 ........................................................................................................1216.4 函数的嵌套调用与递归调用 ............................................................................ 1226.4.1 函数的嵌套调用 ....................................................................................................1226.4.2 函数的递归调用 ....................................................................................................1236.5 变量的作用域与存储类别 ................................................................................ 1256.5.1 局部变量和全局变量 ............................................................................................1256.5.2 变量的动态和静态存储方式 ................................................................................1286.5.3 局部变量的存储类别 ............................................................................................1286.5.4 全局变量的存储类别 ............................................................................................1306.6 内部函数和外部函数 ....................................................................................... 1326.6.1 内部函数 ................................................................................................................1326.6.2 外部函数 ................................................................................................................1326.7 编译预处理命令 .............................................................................................. 1326.7.1 宏定义 ....................................................................................................................1336.7.2 文件包含 ................................................................................................................1366.7.3 条件编译 ................................................................................................................1376.8 程序举例 ......................................................................................................... 139小结......................................................................................................................... 142习题......................................................................................................................... 143第 7 章 指针................................................................................................................................. 1477.1 指针变量概述.................................................................................................. 1477.1.1 指针变量与指针变量的定义 ................................................................................1477.1.2 指针的运算符 ........................................................................................................1497.1.3 指针变量的初始化 ................................................................................................1497.1.4 指针变量的运算 ....................................................................................................1527.2 指针与数组 ..................................................................................................... 1527.2.1 指针与一维数组 ....................................................................................................1527.2.2 指针与二维数组 ....................................................................................................1547.3 指针与字符串.................................................................................................. 1577.4 指针数组 ......................................................................................................... 1597.5 指向指针的指针变量 ....................................................................................... 1607.6 指针与函数 ..................................................................................................... 1617.6.1 指针变量作为函数参数 ........................................................................................1617.6.2 函数指针变量 ........................................................................................................1657.6.3 指针函数 ................................................................................................................1667.7 main()函数的返回值和参数 ............................................................................ 1677.7.1 main()函数的返回值 .............................................................................................1677.7.2 main()函数的参数 .................................................................................................1677.8 程序举例 ......................................................................................................... 168小结......................................................................................................................... 171习题......................................................................................................................... 172第 8 章 结构体和共用体.......................................................................................................... 1758.1 结构体 ............................................................................................................ 1758.1.1 结构体类型的定义 ................................................................................................1758.1.2 结构体变量的定义 ................................................................................................1768.1.3 结构体变量的引用 ................................................................................................1778.1.4 结构体变量的赋值 ................................................................................................1778.1.5 结构体变量的初始化 ............................................................................................1788.1.6 结构体数组 ............................................................................................................1788.1.7 指向结构体变量的指针 ........................................................................................1818.2 动态存储分配与链表 ....................................................................................... 1828.2.1 链表的概念 ............................................................................................................1838.2.2 动态存储分配 ........................................................................................................1848.2.3 创建动态链表和输出链表 ....................................................................................1858.2.4 链表的基本操作 ....................................................................................................1858.3 共用体类型 ..................................................................................................... 1908.3.1 共用体类型的定义 ................................................................................................1908.3.2 共用体变量的定义 ................................................................................................1908.3.3 共用体变量成员的引用 ........................................................................................1918.4 枚举类型 ......................................................................................................... 1928.4.1 枚举类型的定义 ....................................................................................................1928.4.2 枚举变量的定义 ....................................................................................................1938.4.3 枚举变量的赋值和使用 ........................................................................................1938.5 用 typedef定义类型........................................................................................ 1948.6 程序举例 ......................................................................................................... 195小结......................................................................................................................... 197习题......................................................................................................................... 198第 9 章 文件.................................................................................................................................2019.1 文件的基本概念 .............................................................................................. 2019.1.1 文件的分类 ............................................................................................................2019.1.2 文件指针 ................................................................................................................2029.2 文件的打开与关闭 .......................................................................................... 2029.2.1 文件的打开函数 ....................................................................................................2029.2.2 文件的关闭函数 ....................................................................................................2039.3 文件的读写 .................................................................................................. 2049.3.1 文件的写函数 ........................................................................................................2049.3.2 文件的读函数 ........................................................................................................2069.4 文件的随机读写 ........................................................................................... 2089.5 文件检测函数.................................................................................................. 2109.6 程序举例 ......................................................................................................... 211小结......................................................................................................................... 212习题......................................................................................................................... 212第 10 章 位运算..........................................................................................................................21510.1 位运算符和位运算 ........................................................................................ 21510.1.1 位运算符 ..............................................................................................................21510.1.2 位运算符的运算作用 ..........................................................................................21510.2 位段结构 ....................................................................................................... 21910.2.1 位段的概念 ..........................................................................................................21910.2.2 位段结构的定义和使用 ......................................................................................21910.3 程序举例 ....................................................................................................... 220小结......................................................................................................................... 221习题......................................................................................................................... 221附录 A 部分字符的 ASCII 码对照表..................................................................................223附录 B C语言常用数学库函数.............................................................................................224参考文献 225