PYTHON程序设计实践教程

全书共分三部分，第一篇是实验概述，主要介绍Python语言程序设计实验的基本目的与要求，计算机程序设计的基本过程，以及问题求解和典型算法介绍；第二篇是基础实验篇，包含17个基础实验，精心设计实验内容、实验项目，包括实验目的、知识要点、实例解析、实验内容等，在巩固课程知识的同时兼顾知识拓展，在实践过程中做到举一反三、融会贯通，同时给出了利用Python第三方库解决数据处理等方面的应用实例，可供不同专业学生选用。第三篇是Python综合编程实例，每个实验包括一些趣味性的案例、基本算法，每个实例有题目描述、题目分析、算法设计、程序代码、运行结果、思考讨论、问题拓展等， 注重培养学生分析问题和解决问题的综合编程能力。本书内容丰富，实践性强，强调趣味性和实用性，可以作为各类高等院校Python语言程序设计课程的实验教材，也可以作为广大编程爱好者学习Python语言程序设计的参考书。

目 录 第一篇 Python 程序设计实验概述 第1 章 Python 程序设计实验的目的与要求 ···························································.3 1.1 Python 程序设计实验的目的 ····································································.3 1.2 Python 程序设计实验的基本要求 ······························································.3 1.3 程序的编写与测试 ················································································.4 1.4 人才培养与课程学习建议 ·······································································.5 第2 章 问题求解与计算思维 ··············································································.8 2.1 计算概述 ····························································································.9 2.2 求解计算机问题 ··················································································.10 2.3 计算思维 ···························································································.14 2.4 算法 ·································································································.19 2.5 数据结构 ···························································································.23 2.6 算法评价 ···························································································.26 第3 章 典型算法介绍 ·······················································································29 3.1 枚举算法 ···························································································.29 3.2 递归算法 ···························································································.31 3.3 分治算法 ···························································································.34 3.4 递推算法 ···························································································.35 3.5 贪心算法 ···························································································.36 3.6 回溯算法 ···························································································.38 3.7 迭代算法 ···························································································.40 习题 ········································································································.41 第二篇 基础实验 实验0 Python 环境配置 ····················································································45 一、实验目的 ····························································································.45 二、知识要点 ····························································································.45 三、实例解析 ····························································································.48 四、实验内容 ····························································································.50 实验1 数据的输入和输出 ··················································································52 一、实验目的 ····························································································.52 二、知识要点 ····························································································.52 三、实例解析 ····························································································.53 四、实验内容 ····························································································.55 实验2 turtle 绘图 ····························································································58 一、实验目的 ····························································································.58 二、知识要点 ····························································································.58 三、实例解析 ····························································································.60 四、实验内容 ····························································································.62 实验3 运算符与表达式 ·····················································································64 一、实验目的 ····························································································.64 二、知识要点 ····························································································.64 三、实例解析 ····························································································.68 四、实验内容 ····························································································.71 实验4 字符串 ·································································································75 一、实验目的 ····························································································.75 二、知识要点 ····························································································.75 三、实例解析 ····························································································.78 四、实验内容 ····························································································.83 实验5 选择结构程序设计 ··················································································86 一、实验目的 ····························································································.86 二、知识要点 ····························································································.86 三、实例解析 ····························································································.87 四、实验内容 ····························································································.92 实验6 循环结构程序设计 ··················································································94 一、实验目的 ····························································································.94 二、知识要点 ····························································································.94 三、实例解析 ····························································································.96 四、实验内容 ··························································································.103 实验7 列表与元组 ························································································.105 一、实验目的 ··························································································.105 二、知识要点 ··························································································.105 三、实例解析 ··························································································.107 四、实验内容 ··························································································.112 实验8 字典与集合 ························································································.116 一、实验目的 ··························································································.116 二、知识要点 ··························································································.116 三、实例解析 ··························································································.118 四、实验内容 ··························································································.123 实验9 函数 ·································································································.126 一、实验目的 ··························································································.126 二、知识要点 ··························································································.126 三、实例解析 ··························································································.128 四、实验内容 ··························································································.133 实验10 文件 ·······························································································.137 一、实验目的 ··························································································.137 二、知识要点 ··························································································.137 三、实例解析 ··························································································.138 四、实验内容 ··························································································.141 实验11 调试和异常处理 ················································································.143 一、实验目的 ··························································································.143 二、知识要点 ··························································································.143 三、实例解析 ··························································································.145 四、实验内容 ··························································································.147 实验12 面向对象程序设计基础 ·······································································.150 一、实验目的 ··························································································.150 二、知识要点 ··························································································.150 三、实例解析 ··························································································.151 四、实验内容 ··························································································.153 实验13 tkinter 图形界面设计 ··········································································.155 一、实验目的 ··························································································.155 二、知识要点 ··························································································.155 三、实例解析 ··························································································.157 四、实验内容 ··························································································.159 实验14 Python 科学计算与数据分析 ································································.161 一、实验目的 ··························································································.161 二、知识要点 ··························································································.161 三、实例解析 ··························································································.163 四、实验内容 ··························································································.165 实验15 数据可视化 ······················································································.166 一、实验目的 ··························································································.166 二、知识要点 ··························································································.166 三、实例解析 ··························································································.167 四、实验内容 ··························································································.174 实验16 网络爬虫入门 ···················································································.177 一、实验目的 ··························································································.177 二、知识要点 ··························································································.177 三、实例解析 ··························································································.179 四、实验内容 ··························································································.182 实验17 中文词云 ·························································································.184 一、实验目的 ··························································································.184 二、知识要点 ··························································································.184 三、实例解析 ··························································································.186 四、实验内容 ··························································································.189 第三篇 Python 综合编程实例 实验18 趣味数字 ·························································································.193 实例18-1 水仙花数 ·················································································.193 实例 18-2 接近数 ····················································································.198 实例18-3 快乐数 ····················································································.202 实例18-4 不变初心数 ··············································································.205 实验内容 ································································································.207 实验19 趣味算法 ·························································································.208 实例19-1 鞍点 ·······················································································.208 实例19-2 猴子选猴王 ··············································································.210 实例19-3 汉诺塔问题 ··············································································.213 实验内容 ································································································.216 实验20 趣味逻辑推理 ···················································································.217 实例20-1 猴子吃桃问题 ···········································································.217 实例20-2 鸡兔同笼 ·················································································.219 实例20-3 幼儿园分糖果 ···········································································.221 实验内容 ································································································.223 实验21 趣味应用实例 ···················································································.225 实例21-1 简易计算器 ··············································································.225 实例21-2 随机生成验证码 ········································································.227 实验21-3 超市寄存柜 ··············································································.229 实例21-4 彩虹瓶 ····················································································.232 实验内容 ································································································.235 实验22 字符串应用 ······················································································.237 实例22-1 变位词 ····················································································.237 实例22-2 词频统计 ·················································································.238 实例22-3 加密和解密 ··············································································.241 实验内容 ································································································.244 参考文献 ······································································································.245