基于共享经济的能源市场建模分析和机制设计（英文版)

本著作旨在探索共享经济这一新兴商业模式在能源市场中的建模方法和机制理论，从而深入挖掘能源视角下共享经济机制潜在的价值和应用。以“使用权和所有权分离”为核心思想，共享经济通过优选的信息通讯技术实现闲置资源的合作消费，其中一项关键的难题挑战是如何精准辨识不同市场成员对资源的占用水平，并设计相应的定价机制。本著作首次将共享经济的理念、方法和机制应用到能源市场，首先综述共享经济在房屋和交通租赁领域的近期新进展，进而总结能源市场尤其是电力市场存在的难题，从博弈论的角度设计共享经济机制理论。据此，本著作的后续章节全面系统地研究电力现货市场、跨区电力市场、新能源有效聚合、综合能源市场等不同市场的关键挑战。此外，本著作分析共享经济在能源市场经济性、环保性、安全性等方面的价值。最后，本著作建模并分析支撑共享经济发展的信息通讯技术。期待本著作能够为能源经济和工程技术领域的读者带来有益的启发。

Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Bibliometric Analysis 2
1.3 Conceptof Energy Sharing 5
1.3.1Historyand Development 5
1.3.2Characteristics 6
1.3.3 Taxonomy 6
1.4 Sharing Economy in Wholsesale Markets 8
1.4.1 Electricity Spot Markets 8
1.4.2 Multi-area Electricity Markets 9
1.4.3 Integrated Energy Markets 10
1.5 Sharing Economy in Retail Markets 11
1.5.1 Agent-Based Energy Sharing 11
1.5.2 Peer-To-Peer Energy Sharing 12
1.5.3 Integrationof Distributed Energy Resources in to Wholesale Markets 13
1.6 Enabling Technology and Business Models 14
1.6.1 Energy-Related Technology 14
1.6.2 Information-Related Techno logy 17
1.7 Conclusions 19
References 21
2 Mechanism Design for Sharing Economy .27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Problem Description 28
2.2.1 Wholesale Market 28
2.2.2 Retail Market 29
2.3 Pro.t Sharing Mechanism 30
2.3.1 Social Welfare Maximation 31
2.3.2 Individual Rationality 31
2.3.3 Incentive Compatibility 32
2.3.4 Budget Balance 32
2.4 Pro.t Sharing Mechanism in Wholesale Markets 33
2.4.1 WholesaleMarketStage 33
2.4.2 Suf.cientN .1Power GenerationCapacity 34
2.4.3 Proofof the Mechanism Property 35
2.4.4 Insuf.cientN.1Power Generation Capacity 37
2.4.5 Major Challengesof VCGinElectricity Markets 39
2.4.6CaseStudies 40
2.5 Pro.t Sharing Mechanismin Retail Markets 41
2.5.1 Retail MarketModel 42
2.5.2 Mechanism Design 43
2.5.3 Closed Form of Pro.t Sharing Mechanism 45
2.5.4 Proofof the Mechanism Property 45
2.5.5CaseStudies 48
2.6 Conclusion 51
References 51
3 Sharing Economy in Electricity Spot Markets 53
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 Electricity Spot Market Model 54
3.2.1 Mathematical Model 54
3.2.2 Settlement Mechanism 55
3.3 Revenue InadequacyAllocation 58
3.3.1 Theoretical Analysis on Budget Imbalance 59
3.3.2 Revenue Inadequacy Allocation Strategy 62
3.4 SolutionAlgorithm 64
3.4.1 Non-congested Case 64
3.4.2 Congested Case 65
3.5 CaseStudies 67
3.5.1 IEEE30-Bus System 67
3.5.2 IEEE 118-Bus System 72
3.5.3 Polish 2383-Bus System 75
3.6 Conclusion 76
References 77
4 Sharing Economy in Multi-area Electricity Markets 79
4.1 Introduction 79
4.2 System Model 81
4.2.1 VSC-HVDC Model 81
4.2.2 Multi-area Economic Dispatch Model 83
4.3 Incentive Mechanism 85
4.3.1 Marginal-Pricing Mechanism 86
4.3.2 Incentive-Compatible Mechanism 86
4.3.3 Revenue Inadequacy Allocation 87
4.3.4Toy Example 89
4.4Solution Algorithm 91
4.4.1Framework 92
4.4.2 Decomposed Regional Sub-problem 92
4.4.3 Improved Lagrangian Multiplier 94
4.5CaseStudies 96
4.5.1 Impacts of Strategic Bids 97
4.5.2 Performanceof theProposed Mechanism 97
4.5.3 ImpactsofInter-areaTransmission Capacity 99
4.5.4 Impactsof Thermal Generation Flexibility 100
4.5.5 3-Area 354-Bus Power System 101
4.6 Conclusion 102
References 104
5 Sharing Economy for Renewable Energy Aggregation .107
5.1 Introduction 107
5.2 Aggregationof Wind Farms and Concentrating Solar Power 108
5.2.1ProblemDescription 108
5.2.2 Offering StrategyModel 110
5.2.3 Pro.t Sharing Mechanism 113
5.3 Aggregation of Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Markets 117
5.3.1 Energy Sharing Scheme 117
5.3.2 System Model 119
5.3.3 Pro.t Sharing Mechanism 122
5.3.4Solution Algorithm 125
5.4 Aggregation of Distributed Energy Resources in Energy and Capacity Markets 126
5.4.1 Energy Sharing Scheme 126
5.4.2 SystemModel 129
5.4.3 Pro.t SharingMechanism 131
5.5CaseStudies 133
5.5.1 AggregationofWindFarms and Concentrating Solar Power 133
5.5.2 Aggregation of DERs in Energy Markets 135
5.5.3 Aggregation ofDERs in Energy and Capacity Markets 137
5.6 Conclusion 140
References 142
6 Sharing Economy in Energy Systems Integration 143
6.1 Introduction 143
6.2 Integrated Energy Sharing Market 144
6.2.1 Status and Challenge 144
6.2.2 MarketOperationPractice 146
6.2.3 Equilibrium-Based Integrated Energy Market 147
6.2.4 Arbitrage Models for Integrated Energy Markets 149
6.3 SharingEconomyinJoint Electricity-Heat Markets 150
6.3.1 Framework 151
6.3.2 Solar-Powered Heat PumpPlanning Model 152
6.3.3 Pricing Model 154
6.3.4 Solution Algorithm 156
6.4 Sharing EconomyinJoint Electricity-Gas Markets 158
6.4.1 Framework 159
6.4.2 Modeling for Power-To-Gas 160
6.4.3 System Model 163
6.5 Sharing Economyin Transportation-Energy Systems 167
6.5.1 Framework 168
6.5.2 Modelof Fuel-Cell Hybrid ElectricVehicle 169
6.5.3 Optimal Scheduling Model for Trans-Energy Systems 173
6.5.4 Shortest Path Search Algorithm 177
6.6 Integrated Demand Response 177
6.6.1 Basic Concept 178
6.6.2 Value Analysis .181
6.6.3 Techo-Economic Analysis 182
6.6.4 KeyIssues and Potential Researchof IDR 183
6.7CaseStudies 187
6.7.1 SharingEconomyinJoint Electricity-Heat Markets 187
6.7.2 SharingEconomyinJoint Electricity-Gas Markets 189
6.7.3 Sharing Economy in Transportation-Energy Systems 190
6.8 Conclusion 192
References 192
7 Sharing Demand Side Resources for Regional Market Bidding 195
7.1 Introduction 195
7.2 Sharing Demand Side Resourcesin WholesaleMarkets 196
7.2.1 Co-optimizationofEnergy and Ancillary Service Markets 196
7.2.2 Uncertainty Modeling 198
7.2.3 Optimal Bidding Model 199
7.3 Sharing Demand Side Resources Toward Available Transfer Capability Enhancement 203
7.3.1 Available Transfer Capability EvaluationFramework 203
7.3.2 SystemModel 204
7.4 Sharing Demand Side Resources forCarbon Trading 208
7.4.1 Internetof Things Platform for Sharing Economy 208
7.4.2 Modelof Electric Vehicle Fleets 210
7.4.3 Optimal Bidding Model 211
7.5 CaseStudies 214
7.5.1 Wholesale Markets 214
7.5.2 Available Transfer Capability Enhancement 217
7.5.3 Energyand Carbon Markets 221
7.6 Conclusion 224
References 224
8 Sharing Non-wire Alternatives for Transmission Expansion Deferral 227
8.1 Introduction 227
8.2 Overall Nodal Price 229
8.2.1 Basic Concept 229
8.2.2 Existing Transmission Cost Allocation Methods 230
8.3 Mechanism Design forNon-wire AlternativePlanning 231
8.3.1 Strucutral Transmission Cost Identi.cation 231
8.3.2 Usage-Based Transmission Cost Allocation 233
8.3.3 Optimal Planning Model 236
8.3.4 SolutionMethodology 239
8.4 Sharing Non-wire Alternatives for Expansion Deferral 242
8.4.1 Tri-level Model Formulation 242
8.4.2 Solution Algorithm 247
8.5 Theorem2 250
8.6 CaseStudies 251
8.6.1 Non-wire Alternative Planning 251
8.6.2 Joint Planning for Non-wire Alternatives and Transmission Networks 260
8.7 Conclusion 267
References 268
9 Information and Communication Technology for Sharing Economy 271
9.1 Introduction 271
9.2 Cloud-Edge Computing Technology for Energy Sharing 273
9.2.1 Tri-layer System Architecture of Energy Sharing 273
9.2.2 Coordinated Demand Response Program 275
9.2.3 Sensitivity Analysis of Convex Optimization 279
9.2.4 Lagrangian Multiplier Optimal Selection Approach 282
9.3 In.uencingFactor:Communicati on Connectivity 285
9.3.1 CommunicationTopology Connectivity 285
9.3.2 System Model 286
9.4 In.uencing Factor:Communicati on Reliability 288
9.4.1 Communicati on Reliability Model 289
9.4.2 System Model 292
9.4.3 Linearization Method 293
9.5 Resilience Amidst Rare Weather Events 296
9.5.1 Simpli.ed Formulation 296
9.5.2 Reliability Value and Optimal Investment Problem 298
9.5.3MainResults 300
9.6CaseStudies 304
9.6.1 Performance of Cloud-Edge Computing Algorithm 304
9.6.2 Impact of Communicati on Connectivity on Energy Sharing 310
9.6.3 Impact of Communicati on Reliability on Energy Sharing 312
9.7 Conclusion 317
References 318