Preface xxii
Changes to the 13th Edition xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
Chapter 1 Driving Blindfolded 1
Beliefs and Claims 4
Objective Claims and Subjective Judgments 4
Fact and Opinion 6
Relativism 7
Moral Subjectivism 7
Issues 7
Arguments 8
Cognitive Biases 15
Truth and Knowledge 21
What Critical Thinking Can and Can't Do 22
A Word About the Exercises 22
Recap 22
Additional Exercises 24
Answers and Tips 33
Chapter 2 Two Kinds of Reasoning 35
Arguments:General Features35
Conclusions Used as Premises 36
Unstated Premises and Conclusions 36
Two Kinds of Arguments 37
Deductive Arguments 37
Inductive Arguments 38
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt 40
Two Kinds of Deductive Arguments 40
Four Kinds of Inductive Arguments 41
Telling the Difference Between Deductive and Inductive Arguments 43
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