5G网络规划与优化（英文版）

本教材内容融入了华为5G方向的国际认证体系HCIA-5G、HCIP-5G与华为5G移动通信网络部署与运维“1+X”证书制度，是一本知识点与技能点相结合的规划双语教材。

本书主要围绕5G无线网络规划与优化展开介绍和讲解，全文共15章，包括绪论；5G无线网络架构；5G空中接口物理层；MIMO原理；5G功率控制与上下行；5G移动性管理；5G信令流程；5G基站勘测；无线传播模型；5G无线网络覆盖估算；5G测试及单站点验证；5G RF优化，5G无线网络常用KPI；5G网络优化问题分析；人工智能在5G网络的规划。每章都安排了多个难度适中的任务，且知识点都在对应的案例中得到解释说明，可以很好地加强学生对知识点的掌握。

庞雪莲，女，就职于天津电子信息职业技术学院，曾作为副主编出版《无线数据通信技术基础》一书，其《校企合作构建“全程职业模拟”人才培养方案的研究与实践》于2014年获得省部级教学成果奖一等奖 。

Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Preface 1 Learning Goals 1 1.1 Architecture of 5G Mobile Communication Network 2 1.1.1 Wireless Access Network 2 1.1.2 Bearer Network 3 1.1.3 Core Network 4 1.2 Evolution of Mobile Communication Networks 6 1.2.1 The First-Generation Mobile Communication System 6 1.2.2 The Second Generation Mobile Communication System 7 1.2.3 The Third Generation Mobile Communication System 7 1.2.4 The Fourth Generation Mobile Communication System 7 1.2.5 The Fifth Generation Mobile Communication System 8 Summary 10 Questions for Thinking 10 Chapter 2 5G Wireless Network Architecture 11 Preface 11 Learning Goals 11 2.1 Traditional Wireless Network Architecture 11 2.1.1 Distributed Radio Access Network (DRAN) 12 2.1.2 Centralized Radio Access Network (CRAN) 13 2.2 CloudRAN Architecture 15 2.2.1 Wireless Access Network Reconstruction 15 2.2.2 CloudRAN Architecture 16 2.2.3 CloudRAN Deployment 18 2.2.4 The Value of CloudRAN 21 2.3 Networking Architecture of SA and NSA 22 2.3.1 Basic SA Architecture 22 2.3.2 NSA Networking Architecture 22 Summary 24 Questions for Thinking 24 Chapter 3 Physical Layer of 5G Air Interface 25 Preface 25 Learning Goals 25 3.1 5G Wireless Air Interface Protocol 25 3.1.1 Radio Resource Control (RRC) Layer 26 3.1.2 PDCP Layer 27 3.1.3 SDAP Layer 30 3.1.4 RLC Layer 31 3.1.5 MAC Layer 33 3.1.6 PHY Layer 33 3.2 Basic Parameters and Frame Structure of 5G Air Interface 33 3.2.1 Multiple Numerologies 33 3.2.2 Frame Structure 34 3.2.3 Time Slot Format 35 3.2.4 Frequency Domain Resources 38 3.2.5 BWP 38 3.3 5G Channel Structure 39 3.3.1 Logical Channel 39 3.3.2 Transmission Channel 40 3.3.3 PHYsical (PHY) Channel 41 3.3.4 Channel Mapping 41 3.4 5G Downlink Physical Channels and Signals 42 3.4.1 SSB 42 3.4.2 Physical Downlink Control Channel 43 3.4.3 Physical Downlink Shared Channel 44 3.4.4 PT-RS 47 3.4.5 CSI-RS 47 3.5 5G Uplink Physical Channels and Signals 48 3.5.1 Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH) 48 3.5.2 Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) 49 3.5.3 Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) 50 3.5.4 Detecting Reference Signal 50 Summary 51 Questions for Thinking 51 Chapter 4 MIMO Functions and Principles 52 Preface 52 Learning Goals 52 4.1 Basic MIMO Functions 52 4.2 MIMO Principles 54 4.2.1 Downlink Beam Forming 54 4.2.2 Uplink Receiving Diversity―Multi-Antenna Receiving 58 4.3 SU-MIMO Principle 59 4.3.1 Downlink User Multi-Stream Transmission 59 4.3.2 Uplink User Multi-Stream Transmission 60 4.4 MU MIMO Principle 61 4.4.1 Downlink MU Space Division Multiplexing 61 4.4.2 MU MIMO-PUSCH Space Division Multiplexing Uplink 62 Summary 63 Questions for Thinking 63 Chapter 5 5G Power Control and Uplink and Downlink 64 Preface 64 Learning Goals 64 5.1 5G Power Control Principle 64 5.1.1 Definition 64 5.1.2 Purpose 65 5.1.3 Advantages 65 5.1.4 Categories 65 5.2 5G Downlink Power Distribution 66 5.2.1 Power Control Categories 66 5.2.2 Cell Reference Power Calculation 67 5.3 5G Uplink Power Control 68 5.3.1 PRACH Power Control 69 5.3.2 PUCCH Power Control 70 5.3.3 PUSCH Power Control 72 5.3.4 SRS Power Control 72 5.3.5 Closed-Loop Power Control Step 73 5.4 5G Uplink and Downlink Decoupling Technology 73 5.4.1 Technical Overview 73 5.4.2 SUL Carrier Parameters 76 5.4.3 SUL Carrier Management Process 76 5.4.4 Wireless Resource Management Algorithm 78 5.4.5 Avoiding Second Harmonic Interference 81 5.4.6 SUL Frequency Acquisition Scheme 82 Summary 83 Questions for Thinking 83 Chapter 6 5G Mobility Management 84 Preface 84 Learning Goals 84 6.1 5G Mobility Management Architecture 84 6.1.1 Mobility Management in the NSA Scenario 84 6.1.2 Mobility Management in the SA Scenario 85 6.2 Mobility Management in the NSA Networking Scenario 85 6.2.1 PSCell Change Procedure 86 6.2.2 Measurement Control Deliver and Report 88 6.2.3 Change Judgment 88 6.2.4 Change Preparation 89 6.2.5 Change Execution 89 6.3 Connection State Mobility Management in the SA Networking Scenario 89 6.3.1 Mobility Basic Procedure 90 6.3.2 Judgment of Switching Function Start 91 6.3.3 Selecting a Processing Mode 91 6.3.4 Measurement Control Delivery 91 6.3.5 Report of Measurement 93 6.3.6 Target Cell Judgment 94 6.3.7 Execute Switching 94 6.4 Idle State Mobility Management in the SA Networking Scenario 95 6.4.1 Cell Search and PLMN Selection 95 6.4.2 Cell Selection 96 6.4.3 Cell Re-Selection 97 6.5 Interoperation Between the 5G and the LTE system 98 6.5.1 Idle State Mobility Management 99 6.5.2 Data Service Mobility Management 100 Summary 101 Questions for Thinking 101 Chapter 7 5G Signaling Process 102 Preface 102 Learning Goals 102 7.1 Basics of 5G Signaling Process 102 7.1.1 Basic Architecture of 5G Network 102 7.1.2 NR User Identifier 104 7.2 NR Access Process 104 7.2.1 Synchronization Process 104 7.2.2 NSA Networking Access Process 105 7.2.3 SA Networking Access Process 107 7.3 NSA Mobility Management Process 110 7.4 SA Mobility Management Process 112 7.4.1 Intra-Station Switching Process 112 7.4.2 SgNB Change Process 113 7.4.3 Switching Process Between Xn Stations 114 7.4.4 NG Inter-Station Switching Process 114 7.5 RRC Status Switching Process 115 Summary 116 Questions for Thinking 116 Chapter 8 5G Base Station Survey 117 Preface 117 Learning Goals 117 8.1 Base Station Survey Process 117 8.2 Survey Preparations 118 8.2.1 Tools and Instruments 118 8.2.2 Preparing Survey-Related Documents 119 8.2.3 Hold Survey Coordination Meetings 119 8.3 Site Detailed Survey 120 8.3.1 Site Environment Survey 120 8.3.2 Antenna Area Survey 123 8.3.3 Survey Records 125 8.4 Survey Report Output 125 Summary 127 Questions for Thinking 127 Chapter 9 Wireless Propagation Model 128 Preface 128 Learning Goals 128 9.1 Radio Wave Propagation Model 128 9.1.1 Free Space Propagation 128 9.1.2 Okumura-Hata Model 129 9.1.3 COST231-Hata Model 130 9.1.4 Keenan-Motley Model 130 9.1.5 Uma Model 131 9.1.6 Umi Model 131 9.1.7 Rma Model 131 9.1.8 InH Model 132 9.1.9 Universal Propagation Model 132 9.2 Anti-Fading Techniques 133 9.2.1 Space Diversity 134 9.2.2 Polarization Diversity 134 9.2.3 Time Diversity 134 9.2.4 Frequency Diversity 135 Summary 135 Questions for Thinking 135 Chapter 10 5G Wireless Network Coverage Estimation 136 Preface 136 Learning Goals 136 10.1 5G Wireless Network Coverage Estimation Process 136 10.2 Budget for Downlink 136 10.2.1 Downlink Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power 137 10.2.2 Maximum Transmission Power of the Base Station 138 10.2.3 Antenna Gain 138 10.2.4 Interference Margin 138 10.2.5 Shadow Fading Margin 138 10.2.6 Losses 138 10.2.7 Receiver Sensitivity 140 10.3 Uplink Budget 141 10.4 Calculation of Cell Coverage Radius 142 10.5 Calculation of the Number of Base Stations 143 10.5.1 Coverage Area of a Single Base Station 143 10.5.2 Calculation of the Number of Base Stations 143 10.6 Wireless Cell Parameter Design 144 10.6.1 Massive MIMO Scene-Based Beam Design. 144 10.6.2 Time Slot Ratio Design 144 10.6.3 PCI Design 145 10.7 Network Simulation Prediction 145 Summary 146 Questions for Thinking 147 Chapter 11 5G Testing and Single-Site Verification 148 Preface 148 Learning Goals 148 11.1 Overview of Single-Site Verification 148 11.1.1 Single-Site Verification Purpose 149 11.1.2 Single-Site Verification Process 149 11.2 Single-site Verification Preparation 149 11.2.1 Hardware and General Tools Preparation 149 11.2.2 Test Tools Preparation and Connection 150 11.2.3 CPE Connection Configuration 151 11.2.4 GPS Connection Configuration 155 11.2.5 Test Route Planning 158 11.2.6 Site Parameters and Status Checking 159 11.2.7 Other Preparations 160 11.3 Single-Site Verification Test 160 11.3.1 5G Access Functions Verification 160 11.3.2 DT Coverage Verification 162 11.3.3 5G Ping Service Verification 163 11.3.4 5G Data Service Function Verification Criteria 164 11.4 Single-Site Verification Report 167 Summary 168 Questions for Thinking 168 Chapter 12 5G RF Optimization 169 Preface 169 Learning Goals 169 12.1 Overview of RF Optimization 169 12.1.1 5G Air Interface Common Problems 169 12.1.2 RF Optimization Life Cycle 170 12.2 RF Optimization Principle 171 12.2.1 Optimization Objectives of 5G Network 171 12.2.2 RF Optimization Differences Under Different 5G Networking Architectures 173 12.2.3 Data Analysis and Optimization 173 12.3 RF Optimization Process 181 12.3.1 Optimization Objective Determination 181 12.3.2 Cluster Division/Optimization Region Determination 182 12.3.3 Determining the Test Route 183 12.3.4 Preparing Test Tools and Documents 184 12.3.5 Data Collection 185 12.3.6 Verification of Engineering Parameters 186 12.3.7 Overall Principle of RF Optimization 186 12.4 Scenario-based Beam Optimization Based on Massive MIMO 187 12.4.1 5G SSB Beam Optimization 187 12.4.2 Downtilt Angle Adjustment Based on Massive MIMO 189 Summary 189 Questions for Thinking 190 Chapter 13 Common KPI of 5G Wireless Network 191 Preface 191 Learning Goals 191 13.1 5G Access KPIs 191 13.1.1 RRC Establishment Success Rate 191 13.1.2 Success Rate of NG Interface Signaling Connection Establishment 192 13.2 5G Mobility KPI 193 13.2.1 Intra-Frequency Switch-out Success Rate 193 13.2.2 Success Rate of Intra-System Switch-in 194 13.3 KPI of 5G Service Integrity 197 13.4 NSA DC Access and Mobility KPIs 198 13.4.1 Secondary Station Adding Success Rate 198 13.4.2 Success Rate of Secondary Station Cell Switching 199 Summary 200 Questions for Thinking 200 Chapter 14 Analysis of 5G Network Optimization Problems 201 Preface 201 Learning Goals 201 14.1 5G Network Optimization Overview 201 14.1.1 Wireless Performance Problem Categories 202 14.1.2 Network Optimization Data Source 202 14.1.3 Network Optimization Objectives 202 14.2 Analysis of 5G Network Access Problems 203 14.2.1 5G Access Process 203 14.2.2 Analysis of NSA Access Problems 203 14.2.3 NSA Access Case Analysis 207 14.3 Analysis of 5G Network Switching Problems 208 14.3.1 5G Switching Process 209 14.3.2 5G Cell Switching Parameters 210 14.3.3 5G cell Switching Indicators 212 14.3.4 Analysis of 5G Cell Switching Problems 213 14.3.5 Case Analysis 215 14.4 Analysis of 5G Network Speed 216 14.4.1 5G End-to-end Data Transmission Architecture and Overall Processing Ideas 216 14.4.2 Analysis of 5G Low-speed Air Interface Problems 217 14.4.3 Troubleshooting Other Problems 218 Summary 219 Questions for Thinking 219 Chapter 15 AI in 5G Network Planning 221 Preface 221 Learning Goals 221 15.1 Concept of Artificial Intelligence 221 15.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence 223 15.2.1 Prediction of 5G Antenna Azimuth Angle 223 15.2.2 5G Intelligent Slicing Operation and Maintenance 226 Summary 228 Questions for Thinking 229