Contents 导读 i About the series xxi About the author xxii Introduction to Sound Foundations revised edition xxiii Ideas behind the phonemic chart xxiv Part 1 Discovery toolkit Level 1 Sounds in isolation 2 1 Introduction 2 2 Vowels: monophthongs 5 3 Vowels: diphthongs 22 4 Consonants 29 Level 2 Words in isolation 48 1 Introduction 48 2 Joining individual phonemes to make words 49 3 Stress in words 51 4 Unstress in words 53 5 Primary and secondary stress 54 6 Where do you put the stress in words? 55 7 Intonation and word stress 57 Level 3 Connected speech 58 1 Introduction 58 2 Overview 58 3 Sounds and simplifications in connected speech 60 4 Rhythm in connected speech 69 5 Intonation 74 Part 2 Classroom toolkit Level 1 Sounds in isolation 96 1 General applications of the chart 96 2 Using the pointer 98 3 Introducing and integrating the chart 99 4 Seven modes of chart usage 100 5 A first lesson with the chart 107 6 Four ways of giving models 110 7 Developing your internal imaging of sounds 114 8 Developing your use of mime and gesture 115 9 Working with individual sounds 118 10 Working with mistakes 132 Level 2 Words in isolation 145 1 Establishing the sound flow 145 2 Working with the spelling–pronunciation link 146 3 Word stress: working with words of two or more syllables 151 4 Word stress and Cuisenaire rods 154 5 Finger correction 160 6 Integrating the learner’s dictionary with pronunciation work 166 7 Lip reading, ventriloquism, pronunciation and vocabulary 169 Level 3 Connected speech 171 1 Overview 171 2 Simplification and reduction of sounds in connected speech 173 3 Stress, prominence and rhythm in connected speech 176 4 Intonation 194 5 Some integrative activities and suggestions 202 Appendix 1 Further thoughts 205 Appendix 2 Phonemic charts for other languages 207 Further reading 208
