Acknowledgments Introduction to the third edition Part Ⅰ Major trends in twentieth-century language teaching 1 A brief history of early developments in language teaching 2 The nature of approaches and methods in language teaching 3 The Oral Approach and Situational Language Teaching 4 The Audiolingual Method Part Ⅱ Current approaches and methods 5 Communicative Language Teaching 6 Content-Based Instruction and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) 7 Whole Language 8 Competency-Based Language Teaching, standards, and the Common European Framework of Reference 9 Task-Based Language Teaching 10 Text-Based Instruction 11 The Lexical Approach 12 Multiple Intelligences 13 Cooperative Language Learning Part Ⅲ Alternative twentieth-century approaches and methods 14 The Natural Approach 15 Total Physical Response 16 The Silent Way 17 Community Language Learning 18 Suggestopedia Part Ⅳ The teaching and learning environment 19 Learners, approaches, and methods 20 Teachers, approaches, and methods 21 Approaches, methods, and the curriculum 22 Postscript Appendix: Comparison of approaches and methods Author index Subject index
