Unit 1Language and Society 1
Text ASociolinguistic Phenomenon: An Imaginary World 2
Text BSociolinguistic Phenomenon: A Real but Exotic World 4
Text CRelationships Between Language and Society 10
Unit 2Language and Culture 13
Text ALanguage and Culture 14
Text BLanguage Driven by Culture, Not Biology, Study Shows 17
Text CLost in Translation 22
Unit 3Language and Sex 28
Text ALanguage and Sex (I) 29
Text BLanguage and Sex (II) 32
Text CLanguage and Women’s Place 40
Text DGender Differences in Communication 43
Unit 4Word Borrowing and Language Contact 47
Text ABorrowing in the English Language 49
Text BLoan Word 51
Text CHow Languages Influence Each Other 57
Text DContact Explanations and Internal Explanations of Change 60
Unit 5English Idioms 64
Text AUnderstanding Idioms 65
Text BEnglish Idioms 75
Text CTop Ten American Idioms and Their Origins 78
Unit 6Metaphors and Thought 80
Text AMetaphors We Live By 82
Text BTeaching Metaphor Through Pop Culture 92
Text CThanksgiving Metaphors: “A Lot on My Plate” 94
Text DMetaphor and Cultural Coherence 97
Unit 7Euphemisms and Taboos in Different Cultures 100
Text ATaboo and Euphemism 101
Text BWhy Do We Use Euphemisms? 104
Text CTaboo 110
Text DContamination and Camouflage in Euphemisms 113
Unit 8Cultural Thought Patterns in Intercultural Education 118
Text ACultural Thought Patterns in Inter-cultural Education (I) 120
Text BCultural Thought Patterns in Inter-cultural Education (II) 130
Text CAn American Writing Teacher in China 138
Unit 9Cultural Relativism 143
Text AUnderstanding Cultural Relativism 144
Text BThis Forest Is Ours 150
Text CEducation Abroad—Going Native or Standing Firm 154
Text DThe Challenge of Cultural Relativism 156
Unit 10Linguistic Relativism 161
Text ALanguage and Thought Processes 162
Text BLanguage and Thought 169
Text CLanguage May Shape Human Thought 173
Unit 11Linguistic Imperialism 175
Text AWhat Is Linguistic Imperialism? 176
Text BGlobal English 177
Text CQuebec: A Case of Cultural and Linguistic Imperialism? 186
Text DLingua Franca Discourse 190
Unit 12Language in an Online Global World 194
Text AAlways on: New Literacy and Language in an Online Global World 195
Text BEmojis, a New Writing System, a New Language, or Nothing New under the Sun? 204
Text CThe Age of Twitter 208