List of Contributors Foreword Preface 1 Translational medicine and biomaterials: Basics and relationship Amit K. Roy, Akhenaton-Andrew D. Jones, III and Thomas J.Webster 1.1 Overview of biomaterials in translational medicine 1.2 Fundamentals of translational medicine 1.2.1 Definitions 1.2.2 Challenges 1.2.3 Ethics 1.2.4 Education 1.3 Fundamentals of biomaterials science 1.3.1 Biomaterials and orthopedics 1.3.2 Hydrogels as biomaterials 1.3.3 Infectious disease control and biomaterials 1.3.4 Biomaterials for neurological disorders and neuroregeneration 1.3.5 Biomaterials for cancer 1.3.6 Biomaterials and teeth 1.3.7 Nanotechnology and picotechnology as biomaterials 1.3.8 Biomaterials as sensors 1.3.9 Biomaterials for drug delivery 1.3.10 Biomaterials and 3D printing 1.3.11 Biomaterials and stem cells 1.4 The role of biomaterials in translational medicine References 2 Regulatory aspects of medical devices and biomaterials Prabaha Sikder and Sarit B. Bhaduri 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Terminology 2.3 Basic pathways to medical device approval 2.3.1 Pre marketing notification: the 510(k) application 2.3.2 Premarket approval 2.3.3 The humanitarian device exemption 2.4 Comparison and contrasts between the various pathways 2.5 Postapproval follow-up for devices 2.6 Comparison with EU approval protocols of devices 2.7 Summary References 3 The translatory aspects of calcium phosphates for orthopedic applications Huan Zhou and Sarit B. Bhaduri 3.1 Brief introduction of calcium phosphates 3.2 Orthopedic implant coating 3.2.1 The translatory aspects of calcium phosphate orthopedic coatings 3.2.2 Porosity and roughness 3.2.3 Adhesion strength 3.2.4 Crystallinity 3.2.5 Surface chemistry 3.3 Synthetic bone grafts 3.3.1 The translatory aspects of calcium phosphate bone grafts 3.3.2 Porosity and interconnectivity 3.3.3 Phase composition 3.3.4 Mechanical strength 3.4 New trends 3.4.1 Carriers for active agents 3.4.2 Three-dimensional-printing 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Cardiovascular engineering materials in translational medicine Weihua Song, Bae Hoon Lee, Lay Poh Tan and Huaqiong Li 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The replacement of cardiovascular system using engineered biomaterials 4.2.1 Valves 4.2.2 Vascular grafts 4.3 Injectable materials and their applications for cardiac repair and regeneration 4.3.1 Injectable hydrogels 4.3.2 Natural materials 4.3.3 Synthetic materials 4.3.4 Hybrid materials 4.4 Discussion and concluding remarks References 5 Delivery systems for biomedical applications: Basic introduction, research frontiers and clínical translations Changlu Xu, Varun Sivarajan Thiruvadi, Rachel Whitmore and Huinan Liu 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Biological cargos utilized in delivery systems 5.2.1 Types of biological cargos 5.2.2 Approaches and mechanisms of cargo loading 5.3 Mechanism for cargo delivery 5.3.1 Passive delivery 5.3.2 Active delivery 5.4 Research frontiers of delivery systems 5.4.1 Development trends of delivery systems 5.4.2 Current emphasis of delivery systems 5.5 Clinical translation of delivery systems 5.5.1 Oral delivery systems 5.5.2 Nanoparticles and liposomes 5.5.3 3D scaffolds and implants 5.6 Conclusions References 6 Biomaterials and scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injury Xiaoxiao Wen, Saijilafu, Zongping Luo, Huilin Yang, Weihua Wang and Lei Yang 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Electrospun scaffolds 6.2.1 Electrospun scaffolds with aligned structures 6.2.2 Establishing 3D fibrous guidance channels 6.2.3 Incorporation of bioactive components 6.3 Self-assembling peptide scaffolds 6.4 Scaffolds based o
