Unit One Physiology of Digestion 1
Text A Pavlov’s Dogs and Classical Conditioning 2
Text B Pavlov’s Award Ceremony Speech 9
Unit Two Respiratory Enzymes 19
Text A Dr Otto H Warburg—A Survivor of Ethical Storms 20
Text B Otto H Warburg’s Award Ceremony Speech 31
Unit Three Penicillin 37
Text A The Discovery of Penicillin 38
Text B Early Days of Penicillin 44
Unit Four DNA Structure 55
Text A The Discovery of the Molecular Structure of DNA —The Double Helix 56
Text B Young Watson and X-ray Diffraction 65
Unit Five Mobile Genes 73
Text A Barbara McClintock and the Discovery of Jumping Genes 74
Text B In Memoriam—Barbara McClintock 81
Unit Six Organ and Cell Transplantation 87
Text A Advancement in Organ and Cell Transplantation 88
Text B Remembering Dr Joseph E Murray 94
Unit Seven Magnetic Resonance Imaging 101
Text A Paul C Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield for MRI 102
Text B Interview with Sir Peter Mansfield: My Early Days 108
Unit Eight Human Immunodeficiency Virus 117
Text A A Conversation with Fran?oise Barré-Sinoussi 118
Text B Fran?oise Barré-Sinoussi on the History and Future of HIV Research 126
Unit Nine Telomere Effect 133
Text Elizabeth H Blackburn on the Telomere Effect: “It’s About Keeping Healthier for Longer” 134
Text B Elizabeth H Blackburn: Discovering Telomeres 141
Unit Ten Artemisinin151
Text A Nobel Laureate Tu Youyou, Malaria, and the Discovery of Artemisinin 152
Text B Tu Youyou and Artemisinin: An Obscure Miracle 159
Unit Eleven Autophagy 171
Text A Discoveries on How Cells Eat Themselves 172
Text B Yoshinori Ohsumi—How My Autophagy Research Began 178
Unit TweIve Circadian Rhythm 189
Text A Molecular Mechanisms that Controls the Circadian Rhythm 190
Text B Interview with Michael Rosbash196