1 Introduction
1．1 Coulomb forces at the macroscopic level
1．2 Coulomb forces at the microscopic level
1．3 Semi-empirical forces in molecular systems
References
2 Physical principles
2．1 Forces， potential energy， and equilibrium
2．2 Many-particle system
2．3 Statistical physics
2．4 Electromagnetic waves
2．5 Quantum mechanics
2．5．1 Particles
2．5．2 Electromagnetic waves
2．6 Order of magnitudes and units
References
3 Electrostatics
3．1 Point charges
3．2 Continuous charge distribution
3．2．1 Poisson equation
3．3 Multipole expansion
3．3．1 Electric dipoles
3．4 Scaled units
References
4 Properties of atoms
4．1 Hydrogen atom
4．2 Hydrogen atom in static fields
4．2．1 Electric fields
4．2．2 Magnetic fields
4．3 Electronic transition
4．4 Many electron atoms
4．4．1 Atom in a uniform electric field
4．4．2 Polarization
4．4．3 Rigidity of atoms
References
5 Properties of small molecules
5．1 Charge distribution in molecules
5．2 Intramolecular forces
5．2．1 Attractive forces
5．2．2 Dispersion forces
5．2．3 Repulsion
5．3 Chemical bonds in molecules
5．3．1 Sodium chloride
5．3．2 Water
5．4 Multipole moments
5．4．1 Dipole moment
5．4．2 Quadrupole moment
5．4．3 Octupole moment
References
6 Intermoleeular forces
6．1 Formation of crystals
6．2 Water dimer
6．3 Hydrogen bond
6．4 Dimer orientation
6．5 Future directions
Rererences
