Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 A brief introduction to wood resources
1.1.1 International wood resources
1.1.2 China's wood resources
1.2 General drying theory and technology
1.2.1 Wood-water relations
1.2.2 Wood drying theory
1.2.3 Wood drying technology
1.3 Drying theory and technology related to wood collapse
1.3.1 Fundamental properties related to wood collapse
1.3.2 Prediction and assessment of wood collapse
1.3.3 Traditional wood collapse theory
1.3.4 Novel wood transient collapse theory
1.3.5 Drying technology for minimizing collapse
1.4 Summary
References
Chapter 2 Anatomical Characteristies vs. Shrinkage and Collapse
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and methods
2.2.1 Collection of sample woods
2.2.2 Preparation of specimens
2.2.3 Determination of unit shrinkage (a),total shrinkage and residual collapse
2.2.4 Measurement of basic density
2.2.5 Determination of microfibril angle (MFA)
2.2.6 Determination of both fiber morphology and various tissues proportion
2.2.7 Statistics analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Statistics on various indices
2.3.2 Correlation analysis
2.3.3 Regression analysis
2.4 Discussions
2.4.1 Relationship between basic density and unit shrinkage and total shrinkage
2.4.2 Relationship between basic density and residual collapse
2.4.3 Relationship of anatomical characteristics to unit shrinkage and total shrinkage
2.4.4 Relationship between anatomical characteristics and residual collapse
2.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Colorimetric Characteristies vs.Shrinkage and Collapse
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and methods
3.2.1 Preparation of specimens
3.2.2 Steaming and drying procedure
3.2.3 Non-collapse shrinkage tests
3.2.4 Determination of total shrinkage, normal shrinkage and collapse by image analysis technique
3.2.5 Measurements of color parameters
3.2.6 Regression analysis
3.2.7 Measurement of NIR
3.3 Results and discussions
3.3.1 Effects of drying temperatures on shrinkage and collapse properties
3.3.2 Effects of steaming treatments on shrinkage and collapse properties
3.3.3 Effects of combination of various heat and stea ming treatments on both shrinkage and collapse
3.3.4 Shrinkage and collapse properties-colorimetric parameters relationships when subjected to various heat treatments
3.3.5 Shrinkage and collapse values-colorimetric parameters relationships when subjected to various steaming treatments
3.3.6 Shrinkage and collapse values-colorimetric parameters relationships when subjected to combination of heat and steaming treatments
3.3.7 Effect of steaming time on sample coloring
3.3.8 Effect of drying process on sample coloring
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Water Vapor Sorption Behavior ys.Shrinkage and Collapse
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Preparation of specimens
4.2.2 Heating and steaming procedure
4.2.3 Non-collapse shrinkage tests
4.2.4 Determination of total shrinkage, normal shrinkage and collapse by image analysis technique
4.2.5 Determination of water vapor sorption behavior
4.3 Results and discussion
4.3.1 Water vapor sorption behavior
4.3.2 Sorption hysteresis
4.3.3 Sorption kinetics
4.3.4 The applicability of Kelvin-Voigt model
4.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Drying Conditions vs. Shrinkage and Collapse
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and methods
5.2.1 Preparation of specimens
5.2.2 Continuous drying procedures
5.2.3 Intermittent drying procedures
5.2.4 Measurement of dimension by image analysis technique
5.2.5 Determination of total shrinkage and residual collapse
5.2.6 SEM observation
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