CHAPTER 1 CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 What roles does speaking play in language learning? 4
1.3 Speaking as pushed output 10
1.4 Interaction and negotiation for meaning 13
1.5 Three dimensions of speaking:complexity,accuracy,and fluency 16
1.6 Options for balancing CAF in speaking lessons 19
Summary 22
CHAPTER 2 CREATING LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES FOR AND THROUGH L2 SPEAKING
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Seven learning opportunities 29
Summary 36
CHAPTER 3 FOCUS ON THE LEARNER
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Anxiety 39
3.3 Motivation 44
3.4 Self-efficacy 49
3.5 Growth mindset 50
Summary 52
CHAPTER 4 TEACHING PRONUNCIATION
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 What pronunciation features to teach 55
4.3 How to teach pronunciation 73
Summary 84
ONLINE RESOURCES FOR PRONUNCIATION TEACHING 90
CHAPTER 5 CONTROLLED SPEAKING PRACTICE
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 Practice in what sense? 95
5.3 Practice:mechanical or meaningful? 98
5.4 Practice and PPP 99
5.5 Controlled speaking practice activities 102
Summary 112
CHAPTER 6 COMMUNICATIVE SPEAKING AND GROUP WORK
6.1 Introduction 117
6.2 Task-based language teaching 117
6.3 A comparison of two task-based speaking lessons 120
6.4 Planning time,rehearsal and TBLT 126
6.5 Group work and collaborative learning 129
6.6 Sample communication tasks and techniques 133
Summary 146
CHAPTER 7 FLUENCY
7.1 Introduction 151
Summary 166
CHAPTER 8 TEACHING SPEAKING FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
8.1 Introduction 171
8.2 What is culture? 172
8.3 Language and culture 175
8.4 Intercultural communicative competence 178
8.5 Intercultural language teaching and learning 182
8.6 Principles for intercultural Communicative Language Teaching (iCLT) 185
Summary 216
CHAPTER 9 CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK AND ASSESSMENT
9.1 Introduction 223
9.2 Corrective feedback and communicative language teaching
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Summary
CODA:TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING SPEAKING
APPENDIX:TASK RESOURCES
REFERENCES
