Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Environmental Microbiology as a Discipline
1.2 Presence of Microbes in Our lives
1.2.1 Microbes in Our Body
1.2.2 Microbes in the Atmosphere
1.2.3 Microbes in Soil
1.2.4 Microbes in Water
1.2.5 Microbes of Plants
1.2.6 Microbes of Animal Origin
1.3 An Historical Perspective
1.4 Modern Environmental Microbiology
Chapter 2 Non-cellular Life: Viruses
2.1 General Characteristics and Classification of Viruses
2.1.1 Characteristics of viruses
2.1.2 Classification of viruses
2.2 Virus Morphology and Structure
2.2.1 Morphology and size of virus
2.2.2 Chemical composition and structure of virus
2.3 Virus Propagation
2.3.1 Reproduction process of virus
2.3.2 Lysogenicity of virus
2.4 Virus Cultivation
2.4.1 Culture characteristics of viruses
2.4.2 Culture medium for viruses
2.4.3 The cultivation of viruses
2.5 Resistance to Physical and Chemical Affects and Removal of Virus from Sewage Treatment Processes
2.5.1 Resistance of virus to physical factors
2.5.2 Resistance of virus to chemical factors
2.5.3 Viruses resistant to antibacterial substances
2.5.4 Virus survival in environment and its removal in sewage treatment process
Chapter 3 Prokaryotic Microorganisms
3.1 Bacteria
3.1.1 Morphology and size of bacteria
3.1.2 Cell structure of bacteria
3.1.3 Characteristics of bacterial culture
3.1.4 Physical and chemical properties of bacteria
3.2 Archaea
3.2.1 Characteristics of archaea
3.2.2 Classification of archaea
3.3 Actinomycetes
3.3.1 Morphology and size of actinomycete
3.3.2 Colony morphology of actinomycetes
3.3.3 Actinomycetes reproduction
3.4 Cyanobacteria
3.4.1 Chroococcophyceae
3.4.2 Hormogonophyceae
3.5 Spirochete
3.6 Rickettsia and Mycoplasma
3.6.1 Rickettsia
3.6.2 Mycoplasma
Chapter 4 Eukaryotic Microorganism
4.1 Protozoa
4.1.1 General characteristics of protozoa
4.1.2 Classification of protozoa
4.1.3 Cyst of protozoa
4.2 Miniature Metazoa
4.2.1 Rotifer
4.2.2 Nematode
4.2.3 Oligochaetes
4.2.4 Crustacean plankton
4.2.5 Bryozoan and Plumatella
4.3 Algae
4.3.1 General characteristics of algae
4.3.2 Classification and characteristics of algae
4.4 Fungus
4.4.1 Yeast
4.4.2 Mold
4.4.3 Agaricales
Chapter 5 Microbial metabolism
5.1 Overview of microbial metabolism
5.2 Microbial enzymes and enzymatic reactions
5.2.1 The composition of enzyme
5.2.2 Several important prothetic groups and coenzymes
5.2.3 Structure of zymoprotein
5.2.4 Active site of enzyme
5.2.5 Catalytic properties of enzyme
5.2.6 Factors affect the enzymatic reaction rate
5.2.7 Environmental applications of microbial enzymes
5.3 Microbial energy metabolism
5.3.1 Biological oxidation and energy generation of microorganisms
5.3.2 Biological oxidation types and energy-producing metabolism
5.3.3 Other metabolic pathways
5.4 Microbial anabolism
5.4.1 Anabolism of methanogens
5.4.2 Anabolism of chemoautotroph
5.4.3 Photosynthesis
5.4.4 Anabolism of heterotrophic microorganisms
Chapter 6 Microbial nutrition and growth
6.1 Microbial nutrition
6.1.1 Cellular compositions
6.1.2 Nutrients and trophic types of microorganisms
6.1.3 Ratio of carbon, nitrogen
6.1.4 Types of culture medium
6.1.5 The way nutrients enter microbial cells
6.2 Microbial growth
6.2.1 Microbial growth
6.2.2 Microbial cultivation
6.2.3 Growth in natural environment
6.2.4 Methods for determination of microbial growth
6.3 Effects of environmental factors on microbial growth
6.3.1 Temperature
6.3.2 pH
6.3.3 Redox potential
6.3.4 Dissolved oxygen
6.3.5 Solar radiation
6.3.6 Water activity and osmotic pressure
6.3.7 Surface tension
6.4 Relationship between microbial nutrition and biological wastewater treatment
6.4.1 Mechanism of microbial wastewater treatment
6.4.2 Microbial purifying functions
6.4.3 Biochemical oxygen demand and its application in biological wastewater treatment
6.4.4 Nutrient deficiency and biological wastewater treatment
6.4.5 Deficiency of trace elements and biological wastewater treatment
References
Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics and Mutation Objectives
7.1 Microbial Genetics
7.1.1 Confirmation of Genetic Material
7.1.2 The Composition and Structure of Nucleic Acid
7.1.3 DNA Replication
7.1.4 Denaturation of DNA
7.1.5 the Transmission of Genetic Information
7.2 Microbial Mutations
7.2.1 Mechanisms of mutation
7.2.2 Causes of Mutations
7.2.3 The main Mutation types of procaryote
7.3 Applications of Microbial Genetics in Environment Engineering
Chapter 8 Microbial ecology
8.1 Ecosystem
8.1.1 Ecosystem and biosphere
8.1.2 Ecological equilibrium
8.1.3 Classification of ecosystem
8.2 Soil microbial ecology
8.2.1 Ecological conditions in soil
8.2.2 Microorganisms in soil
8.2.3 Functions of microorganisms in soil
8.2.4 Soil contamination and the microbial ecology
8.3 Atmospheric microbial ecology
8.3.1 Ecological conditions in air
8.3.2 Species, amount and distribution of airborne microbes
8.3.3 Hygienic standard of air microorganism and biological cleaning technology
8.4 Aquatic microbial ecology
8.4.1 The aquatic environments
8.4.2 Sources of the aquatic microorganisms
8.4.3 Some aquatic microorganisms
8.4.4 Water pollution and the microbial ecology
8.4.5 Eutrophication
8.5 Relationships among microorganisms
8.5.1 Competition
8.5.2 Protocooperation
8.5.3 Symbiosis
8.5.4 Amensalism
8.5.5 Predation
8.5.6 Parasitism
8.6 Environmental self-purification and pollution control engineering
8.6.1 Soil self-purification and remediation
8.6.2 Self-purification of water body
References
Chapter 9 Biogeochemical Cycling
9.1 Water Cycle
9.2 Carbon Cycle
9.2.1 The biological carbon cycle
9.2.2 The geological carbon cycle
9.3 The nitrogen cycle
9.3.1 Nitrogen cycle mechanism
9.3.2 Nitrogen cycling in marine ecosystems
9.3.3 Human activity affects cycling of nitrogen
9.4 Sulfur cycle
9.4.1 Mechanism of sulfur cycle
9.5 Heavy Metal Cycle
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