The Report consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 describes the scientific facts and impacts of climate change and analyzes its status quo and actions as well as the key role of energy transition in addressing it. Climate service for energy is needed to support the transition to clean energy. This chapter is jointly written by WMO and GEIDCO. Chapter 2 explains the framework and theory of GEI mitigation and puts forward its mechanisms and pathways. Chapter 3 deals with the quantitative analysis of the characteristics and mitigation value of the GEI system by using a comprehensive assessment modelling framework in conjunction with energy system and power system optimization models. Chapter 4 focuses on the GEI mitigation technology portfolio, as well as the development trend and combined use of such technologies as clean replacement, electricity replacement, grid interconnection, energy efficiency enhancement, and carbon removal. Chapter 3 and 4 are jointly written by IIASA and GEIDCO. Chapter 5 studies and proposes key mitigation actions through energy interconnection in different continents based on their respective conditions of climate, resource endowment, and energy and power development. Chapter 6 analyzes the contribution of GEI to economy, society, climate, environment, health and sustainable development. Chapter 7 suggests some innovative mechanisms for addressing climate change, including linking mitigation targets with integrated policy instruments, mobilizing finance resources through the electricity-carbon market, accelerating major projects’ implementation by an innovative mode of “electricity, mining, metallurgy, industry and trade” and adopting new approaches for universal power access to enhance climate resilience.
目录
PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 Introduction to Climate Change
1.1 The Science of Climate Change
1.1.1 Trend of Global Warming
1.1.2 The Carbon Cycle
1.2 Impacts of Climate Change
1.2.1 Impacts on Earth Systems
1.2.2 Impacts on Human Society
1.2.3 Impacts on Energy System
1.3 Climate Governance
1.3.1 Global Governance Platform
1.3.2 The Urgency of Emission Reduction
1.4 Energy Transition and Climate Change
1.4.1 The Trend of Global Energy Transition
1.4.2 Key Role of Energy Transition in Addressing Climate Change
2 Global Energy Interconnection for Addressing Climate Change
2.1 Basic Concept
2.2 Clean Development
2.3 GEI Backbone Grid
2.4 GEI for Addressing Climate Change
2.4.1 Mechanism
2.4.2 Driving Factors
2.4.3 Mitigation Framework
3 GEl Scenarios
3.1 Methodology and Models
3.1.1 Integrated Assessment Model
3.1.2 Energy System Model
3.1.3 Power System Model
3.1.4 Scenario Design
3.2 Emission Pathways of GEl Scenarios
3.2.1 Achieving the Goals of the Paris Agreement
3.2.2 Enhancing the NDCs
3.2.3 Promoting to Achieve Net Zero Emission
3.3 Energy Transition of GEl Scenarios
3.3.1 Energy Supply
3.3.2 Energy Demand
3.4 Power Systems of GEl Scenarios
3.4.1 Global Power Grids Interconnection
3.4.2 Power Generation
3.5 GEl Mitigation
3.5.1 Clean Replacement
3.5.2 Electricity Replacement
3.5.3 Power Grids Interconnection
3.6 Characteristics of GEl Scenarios
3.6.1 Reducing Mitigation Costs
3.6.2 Lowering Energy System Investment
3.6.3 Avoiding Climate Losses
3.6.4 Accelerating Clean Transition
3.6.5 Exploiting Potentials for Development
4 GEl Mitigation Technology Portfolio
4.1 Clean Replacement
4.1.1 Clean Energy Power Generation
4.1.2 Clean Energy Direct Utilization
4.2 Electricity Replacement
4.2.1 Electricity Replacement Technologies in Industrial Sector
4.2.2 Electricity Replacement Technologies in Transport Sector
4.2.3 Electricity Replacement Technologies in Building Sector
4.3 Interconnection
4.3.1 Key Technologies
4.3.2 Multi-Energy Complementation
4.4 Energy Efficiency and Carbon Removal Technology
4.4.1 Energy Efficiency Enhancement
4.4.2 Carbon Capture
4.4.3 Forest Carbon Sink
4.5 Energy Investment
5 GEl Regional Mitigation Scenarios
5.1 Asian Energy Interconnection Outlook
5.1.1 Challenges
5.1.2 Development Roadmap
5.1.3 Priorities
5.2 African Energy Interconnection Outlook
5.2.1 Challenges
5.2.2 Development Roadmap
5.2.3 Priorities
5.3 European Energy Interconnection Outlook
5.3.1 Challenges
5.3.2 Development Roadmap
5.3.3 Priorities
5.4 North American Energy Interconnection Outlook
5.4.1 Challenges
5.4.2 Development Roadmap
5.4.3 Priorities
5.5 Central and South American Energy Interconnection Outlook
5.5.1 Challenges
5.5.2 Development Roadmap
5.5.3 Priorities
5.60 ceanian Energy Interconnection Outlook
5.6.1 Challenges
5.6.2 Development Roadmap
5.6.3 Priorities
6 Benefits of GEl 2℃/1.5℃ Scenarios
6.1 Economic and Social Benefits
6.1.1 Economic Benefits
6.1.2 Social Benefits
6.2 Climate, Environment and Health Benefits
6.2.1 Climate Benefits
6.2.2 Environmental Benefits
6.2.3 Health Benefits
6.3 Co-Benefits for Sustainable Development
7 Suggestions for Synergized Governance Between Energy and Climate Change
7.1 Integrated Policy Instruments for Facilitating the Clean Development
7.2 Mobilize Financial Resource through the Electricity-Carbon Market
7.3 Co-Development of "Electricity, Mining, Metallurgy, Manufacturing and Trade"
7.4 Enhance Climate Resilience through Universal Power Access
Annex: GEl 2℃/1.5℃ Scenario
