电子技术基础实训/林毓梁

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本书为高职高专电子技术课程实训教材，主要内容包括常用工具与仪器仪表使用、基本焊接技术、常用电子仪器仪表、电子元器件识别与测试、数字逻辑电路设计与调试、模拟电路组装与调试、电子整机组装与调试等。

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第1章 电子实训基础工具的使用 ··········································································· 2 1.1 尖嘴钳 ····················································································································· 2 1.2 斜口钳 ··················································································································· 3 1.3 镊子 ······················································································································ 4 1.4 热熔胶枪 ··················································································································4 1.5 面包板 ···················································································································· 6 第2 章 电路焊接技术 ······························································································· 9 2.1 锡焊的基本知识 ········································································································· 9 2.1.1 锡焊 ····················································································································· 9 2.1.2 锡焊的机理 ········································································································· 9 2.1.3 锡焊的条件 ······································································································· 10 2.2 锡焊工具与焊接材料 ··································································································11 2.2.1 电烙铁 ··············································································································· 11 2.2.2 焊料 ··················································································································· 13 2.2.3 助焊剂 ··············································································································· 14 2.2.4 阻焊剂 ··············································································································· 15 2.3 手工焊接技术 ···········································································································15 2.3.1 焊接操作的手法与步骤 ···················································································· 16 2.3.2 合格焊点及质量检查 ························································································ 19 电子技术基础实训 2.3.3 拆焊 ··················································································································· 20 2.4 实用焊接工艺 ········································································································· 21 2.4.1 焊接前的准备 ··································································································· 22 2.4.2 元器件的安装与焊接 ························································································ 23 2.5 焊接训练 ················································································································24 2.5.1 实训目的 ··········································································································· 24 2.5.2 实训内容 ··········································································································· 25 2.5.3 实训器材 ··········································································································· 26 2.6 思考题 ·················································································································· 26 第3 章 常用电子技术实验测量仪器 ····································································· 27 3.1 万用表 ····················································································································27 3.1.1 模拟式万用表 ··································································································· 27 3.1.2 数字式万用表 ··································································································· 29 3.2 常用示波器及其使用 ··································································································32 3.2.1 示波器的组成 ··································································································· 32 3.2.2 示波器的使用 ··································································································· 34 3.2.3 DS-1072U 型示波器简介 ·················································································· 36 3.3 DPS6333L 双路直流电源 ··························································································· 40 3.3.1 概述 ··················································································································· 40 3.3.2 DPS6333L 双路直流电源功能 ········································································· 40 3.3.3 DPS6333L 双路直流电源面板各部分的作用与使用方法 ······························· 41 3.4 函数信号发生器 ······································································································· 43 3.4.1 DG1022U 函数信号发生器简介 ······································································· 43 3.4.2 DG1022U 函数信号发生器面板操作按钮 ······················································· 43 3.5 YB3371 计数器 ········································································································46 3.6 电子测量仪器的选择 ··································································································47 3.7 常用电子仪器、仪表的使用 ·························································································47 3.7.1 实训目的 ··········································································································· 47 3.7.2 实训内容 ··········································································································· 48 3.8 思考题 ···················································································································· 49 第4 章 模拟电路元器件的识别与测试 ································································· 50 4.1 电阻器 ···················································································································· 50 4.1.1 电阻器的图形符号与单位 ················································································ 50 4.1.2 电阻器的分类 ··································································································· 51 4.1.3 常用的电阻器 ··································································································· 51 4.1.4 电阻器型号的命名方法 ···················································································· 52 4.1.5 电阻器的主要参数 ···························································································· 53 4.1.6 电阻器的标注方法 ···························································································· 54 4.1.7 电阻器阻值的测试 ···························································································· 56 4.2 电位器 ····················································································································57 4.2.1 电位器的图形符号 ···························································································· 57 4.2.2 电位器的分类 ··································································································· 57 4.2.3 电位器的主要参数 ···························································································· 58 4.2.4 电位器的标注方法 ···························································································· 59 4.2.5 电位器的测试 ··································································································· 59 4.2.6 电位器的使用 ··································································································· 59 4.3 电容器 ····················································································································60 4.3.1 电容器的图形符号与单位 ················································································ 61 4.3.2 电容器的分类 ··································································································· 61 4.3.3 常用的电容器 ··································································································· 62 4.3.4 电容器的主要参数 ···························································································· 63 4.3.5 电容器的标注方法 ···························································································· 63 4.3.6 电容器的测试 ··································································································· 65 4.3.7 电容器的使用 ··································································································· 65 4.4 电感器 ···················································································································· 66 4.4.1 电感器的分类 ··································································································· 66 4.4.2 电感器的主要性能指标 ···················································································· 67 4.3.3 电感器选用常识 ································································································ 67 4.5 半导体器件 ·············································································································· 67 4.5.1 半导体器件型号的命名方法 ············································································ 68 4.5.2 二极管的识别与测试 ························································································ 68 4.5.3 三极管的识别与简单测试 ················································································ 70 4.5.4 场效应管 ··········································································································· 72 4.6 集成电路 ·················································································································74 4.6.1 集成电路的型号与命名 ···················································································· 74 4.6.2 集成电路的引脚排列识别 ················································································ 75 4.6.3 集成电路的检测 ································································································ 76 4.6.4 集成电路替换方法 ···························································································· 77 4.7 电声器件 ·················································································································77 4.7.1 传声器 ··············································································································· 77 4.7.2 扬声器 ··············································································································· 78 4.8 实训项目 ················································································································· 79 4.8.1 常用电子元器件的测试 ···················································································· 79 4.8.2 触摸报警器的制作 ···························································································· 80 4.8.3 可调直流稳压电源的设计 ················································································ 81 电子技术基础实 4.9 思考题 ····················································································································84 第5 章 数字电路与逻辑设计基础实验 ································································· 85 5.1 继电器 ···················································································································· 85 5.1.1 继电器的外形及电路符号 ················································································ 85 5.1.2 继电器的种类 ··································································································· 86 5.1.3 继电器的选用 ··································································································· 87 5.1.4 继电器的质量判断 ···························································································· 87 5.2 整流桥 ···················································································································· 87 5.2.1 整流桥的图形符号 ···························································································· 88 5.2.2 整流桥的型号与参数 ························································································ 88 5.2.3 用万用表检测整流桥 ························································································ 88 5.3 555 定时器 ···············································································································89 5.3.1 555 定时器内部结构 ························································································· 89 5.3.2 555 定时器构成的施密特触发器 ····································································· 91 5.3.3 555 定时器构成的单稳态触发器 ····································································· 92 5.3.4 555 定时器构成的多谐振荡器 ········································································· 93 5.4 七段数码管 ··············································································································93 5.4.1 七段数码管的结构与工作原理 ········································································ 94 5.4.2 七段数码管驱动方法 ························································································ 94 5.5 74LS47 译码器 ················································································································ 95 5.5.1 74LS47 真值表 ·································································································· 95 5.5.2 74LS47 引脚功能 ······························································································ 96 5.6 常用TTL 数字集成电路引脚排列 ·················································································· 96 5.6.1 74LS00 四二输入与非门 ·················································································· 96 5.6.2 74LS20 双四输入与非门 ·················································································· 97 5.6.3 CD4042 锁存触发器 ························································································· 97 5.6.4 74LS161 二进制同步加计数器 ········································································· 98 5.7 实训项目 ·················································································································98 5.7.1 人体感应路灯节电控制器的制作 ···································································· 98 5.7.2 四路智力抢答器的设计 ·················································································· 101 5.8 思考题 ···················································································································103 第6 章 电子产品调试工艺 ··················································································· 104 6.1 调试工艺过程 ················································································································ 104 6.2 调试的内容 ·············································································································105 6.2.1 静态测试与调整 ······························································································ 105 6.2.3 电路调整方法 ································································································· 107 6.3 整机调试 ························································································································ 107 6.3.1 整机电路的调试内容 ······················································································ 108 6.3.2 整机调试方法 ································································································· 109 6.3.3 调试步骤 ········································································································· 109 6.4 测试与检测仪器 ············································································································ 110 6.4.1 检查电路接线 ································································································· 110 6.4.2 调试所用仪器 ·································································································· 111 6.5 电路故障分析与排除方法 ······························································································ 111 6.5.1 常见检查方法 ·································································································· 111 6.5.2 故障分析与排除 ······························································································ 113 6.6 思考题 ···························································································································· 114 参考文献 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