Introduction1
The Theory
The Premise of This Guide1
Writing for a Purpose1
Substantive Writing2
The Problem of Impressionistic Writing2
Writing Reflectively3
Writing as Exercise for the Mind4
How to Write a Sentence5
Writing to Learn5
Substantive Writing in Content Areas6
Relating Core Ideas to Other Core Ideas7
Writing Within Disciplines8
The Work of Writing9
Non-Substantive Writing10
The Practice
Exercises in Substantive Writing12
Paraphrasing13
Sample Paraphrases15
Paraphrasing Short Quotes16
Paraphrasing and Clarifying Substantive Texts20
Exploring Conflicting Ideas33
Exploring Key Ideas Within Disciplines36
Analyzing Reasoning41
Evaluating Reasoning48
Appendix A: The Logic of an Article
Appendix B: Evaluating an Author’s Reasoning
Appendix C: (for Instructors) Mapping Sentences
Appendix D: (for Instructors) How to Teach Students to Assess Writing
Appendix E: The Function of Transitional Words
