Part OneMachine Translation and Controlled Language
Chapter 1Machine Translation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 MT in China
1.2.1 Brief introduction
1.2.2 MT in China
1.3 Types of MT systems
1.3.1 Bilingual systems vs. multilingual systems
1.3.2 Fully automatic MT systems
1.3.3 Human intervened MT systems
1.4 The needs of MT systems
1.5 The difficulty of translation
1.6 The difficulty of MT
Chapter 2Objectives of the thesis
2.1 Motivation
2.2 The purpose of the thesis
2.3 Why is CL preferred in our work?
Chapter 3Controlled Languages
3.1 What is a Controlled Language?
3.1.1 The characteristics of CLs
3.1.2 Human-oriented vs. machine-oriented CLs
3.1.3 AECMA Simplified English
3.1.4 EasyEnglish
3.1.5 KANT system
3.1.6 ACE
3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of CLs
3.2.1 Advantages
3.2.2 Disadvantages
3.3 Sublanguages
3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.2 The characteristics of sublanguages
3.3.3 Differences between CLs and sublanguages
Chapter 4Medical Protocols
4.1 The construction of a sample corpus
4.1.1 The choice of the applied domains
4.1.2 The criteria of building a corpus
4.1.3 The size of the corpus
4.1.4 Sample texts
4.2 Characteristics of the medical protocols
4.2.1 The general styles of the medical protocols
4.2.2 The complexity of medical language
4.2.3 The characteristics of our protocols
4.3 The construction of the CL lexicon
4.3.1 Verbs in the lexicon
4.3.2 Nouns in the lexicon
4.3.3 Prepositions in the lexicon
4.3.4 Adjectives in the lexicon
4.3.5 Determiners in the lexicon
4.4 Management of the lexicon
Part TwoLinguistic Comparison and Formulation
Chapter 5Lexical Differences and Problems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Our investigation
5.3 Comparisons at lexical level
5.3.1 Morphological differences
5.3.2 Semantic differences
5.3.3 Grammatical Categories and Grammatical Functions
5.3.4 The number of nouns, the English articles and the Chinese classifiers
5.4 The TL structural word "DE" ~
Chapter 6Syntactic Differences and Problems
6.1 General syntactic differences (I)
6.2 Some specific syntactic differences (II)
6.2.1 Noun phrases and modifications
6.2.2 Prepositional phrases, problems and solutions
6.2.3 The position of PPs as adjuncts of verbs
6.3 At the sentence level
6.3.1 Declarative sentences
6.3.2 Imperative sentences
6.3.3 Adverbial clauses
Chapter 7Translation Information
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Some principles
7.2.1 Accuracy
7.2.2 Clarity
7.2.3 Easy to formulate
7.3 Descriptions
7.3.1 Translation problems
7.3.2 Lexical information
7.3.3 Classifiers
7.3.4 Prepositions
7.3.5 Adding the structural word “DE（的）”
7.3.6 Others
Part ThreeMachine Designing Controlled Language Rules
Chapter 8Designing CL Rules
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Some aspects and principles
8.3 The features of our CL
8.4 Particularities of our sub-domain application
Chapter 9Language Control
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Vocabulary control
9.3 Grammar control
9.3.1 At phrasal level
9.3.2 At sentential level
9.4 Style
Chapter 10CL Rule Set
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Lexical rules
10.3 Grammar Rules
10.3.1 Noun phrase rules
10.3.2 Verb Rules
10.3.3 Adjunct Rules
10.3.4 Prepositional phrase rules
10.3.5 Adjective and adverb rules
10.3.6 Conjunction rules for phrases
10.4 Sentence rules
10.5 Controlled textual rules
10.6 Punctuation rules
Chapter 11Translation Process Model
11.1 Transfer and Generation
11.1.1 The architecture of our system
11.1.2 Introduction to the transfer strategy
11.2 Demonstration
11.3 General Conclusion
Annex Corpus
Original Protocols
Bibliography
Index
Postscript
