PART ONE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND STYLE 1. Features of Academic Writing PART TWO ABSTRACT 1. Definition 2. Why write an abstract? 3. Types of Abstract 4. Main Components of an Abstract in Any Discipline 5. Features of Writing an Abstract 6. How Not to Write an Abstract PART THREE LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Definition 2. Categorization of Source Material 3. The Selection of Sources 4. Requirements for Literature Review PART FOUR ACADEIC PAPER WRITING 1. Formatting Basics 2. Components of an Academic Writing PART FIVE WRITING INTRODUCTIONS 1. Elements in the Introduction of An Academic Paper 2. Suggestions for Creating Lead-ins 3. Thesis Statements 4. Writing Effective Thesis Statements 5. Common Errors in Writing a Thesis 6. Other Elements Contained in the Introduction PART SIX BODY 1. A Topic Sentence 2. Guidelines for Subjects to Avoid when the Writer Chooses a Topic 3. Introductory Paragraphs 4. Internal Requirements of Paragraphs 5. Development of Paragraphs 6. Emphasis 7. Conclusion 8. Revising: Improving Ideas, Organization, and Style 9. Editing: Improving Grammar, Usage, and Punctuation Skills 10. Finishing the Paper: Formatting and Proofreading PART SEVEN DICTION 1 Using Exact Words PART EIGHT WORKING ON SENTENCES 1. Fragments 2. Run-on Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fused Sentences 3. Word Endings 4. Agreement 5. Effective Sentences 6. Parallelism 7. Needed Words 8. Misplaced Modifiers 9. Shifts 10. Mixed construction 11. Sentence Emphasis 12. Sentence Variety 13. Word Choice 14. Active Verbs 15. Appropriate Language 16. Exact Language PART NINE GRAMMAR 1. Problems with Pronouns 2. Adjectives and Adverbs 3. Articles 4. Sentence Structure 5. Using Adjectives 6. Constructions with Comparisons PART TEN PUNCTUATION 1. Comma 2. Period 3. Colon 4. Semicolon 5. The Apostrophe 6. Quotation Marks 7. The Dash 8. Parentheses 9. Brackets 10. The Ellipsis Mark 11. The Slash 12. The Hyphen PART ELEVEN MECHANICS 1. Capitalization 2. Titles 3. Abbreviations 4. Numbers 5. Italics (Underlining) PART TWELVE DOCUMENTATION 1. MLA Style 2. APA Style 附：GB/T 7714-2015《信息与文献参考文献著录规则》
