Why a Thinker's Guide to Scientific Thinking?..........iii Why Scientific Thinking?..........1 The Elements of Scientific Thought..........2 Questions Using the Elements of Scientific Thought..........3 A Checklist for Scientific Reasoning..........4 Scientific Thinking Seeks to Quantify, Explain, and Predict Relationships in Nature........6 Universal Intellectual Standards Essential to Sound Scientific Thinking..........8 Intellectual Standards in Scientific Thinking..........10 The Figuring Mind Thinking Scientifically..........11 How to Analyze the Logic of a Scientific Article, Essay, or Chapter..........12 Analyzing the Logic of a Science Textbook..........14 Experimental Thinking Requires Experimental Controls..........15 The Logic of an Experiment ..........16 Post Experiment Analysis..........17 How to Evaluate an Author's or Experimenter’s Scientific Reasoning..........18 Two Kinds of Scientific Questions..........19 Asking One System and Conflicting System Questions..........20 Scientific Reasoning Abilities..........22 Analyzing & Assessing Scientific Research..........23 Purpose..........25 Questions at Issue or Central Problem ..........27 Information..........28 Inference and Interpretation..........29 Assumptions..........30 Concepts and Ideas..........31 Point of View..........33 Implications and Consequences..........35 Intellectual Dispositions Essential to Scientific Thinking..........36 Scientific Thinkers Routinely Apply the Intellectual Standards to the Elements of Scientific Reasoning as They Develop the Traits of a Scientific Mind..........38 Development of the Scientific Mind..........39 Analyzing the Logic of a Subject..........40 The Logic of Scientific Reasoning..........41 The Questioning Mind in Science..........42 The Logic of Science..........45 The Logic of Physics..........47 The Logic of Chemistry..........49 The Logic
