CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 1.1Research background 1.2Research objectives 1.3The organization of this book CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Defining discourse marker and pragmatic marker 2.2The characteristics of pragmatic markers 2.3Research on pragmatic markers in China 2.4Different approaches to discourse 2.4.1Formal approaches to discourse 2.4.2Functional approaches to discourse 2.4.3Corpus-based approaches to discourse 2.5SLA theories: a cognitive approach 2.5.1Schmidt's construct of noticing 2.5.2Formal instruction 2.5.3The information-processing approach 2.5.4VanPattern and input processing 2.6Approaches to pragmatic markers 2.6.1Coherence-based approach to pragmatic markers 2.6.2Relevance-based approach to pragmatic markers 2.6.3Differences between coherence-based approach and relevance-based approach to pragmatic markers 2.6.4Gonzalez's approach to pragmatic markers 2.6.5A tentative theoretical framework of pragmatic markers 2.7Summary CHAPTER 3RESEARCH DESIGN 3.1Introduction 3.2Research methodology 3.2.1Corpus linguistics 3.2.2Contrastive interlanguage analysis 3.2.3Design and method 3.3Corpora used in the present study 3.4Statistical and computer tools 3.4.1Concordance software 3.4.2Detagging software 3.4.3Statistical tools CHAPTER 4WELL AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER 4.1Introduction 4.2Previous studies on the use of well 4.3Results and discussion 4.3.1The functional categories of well in this study 4.3.2Contrastive analysis 4.4Interim Summary CHAPTER 5IMEAN AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER 1 5.1Introduction 5.2Previous studies on the use of I mean 5.3Results and discussion 5.3.1The functional categories of I mean in this study 5.3.2Comparative analysis 5.4Interim summary CHAPTER 6YOU KNOW AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER 6.1Introduction 6.2Previous studies on the use of you know 6.3Results and discussion 6.3.1The functional categories of you know in this study 6.3.2Comparative analysis 6.4Interim summary CHAFFER 7ACTUALLY AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER 7.1Introduction 7.2Previous studies on the use of actually 1 7.3Results and discussion 7.3.1The functional categories of actually in this study 7.3.2Comparative analysis 7.4Interim summary CHAPTER 8 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PRAGMATIC MARKERS BETWEEN BNC AND SECCL 8.1Introduction 8.2Results 8.2.1Frequency of the pragmatic markers used in BNC and SECCL 8.2.2Range of the pragmatic functions used in BNC and SECCL 8.2.3Distribution of individual pragmatic function in BNC and SECCL 8.2.4Distribution of the pragmatic markers in respective pragmatic structure 8.2.5Distribution of overall syntactic positions in BNC and SECCL 8.3General discussion 8.3.1Underuse of the pragmatic markers and functions by Chinese EFL learners 8.3.2Overuse of the pragmatic functions in the inferential structure by Chinese EFL learners 8.3.3Possible factors facilitating the acquisition of pragmatic markers 8.4Interim summary CHAPTER 9CONCLUSION 9.1Introduction 9.2Summary of the major findings 9.3Pedagogical implications 9.3.1Consciousness raising 9.3.2Explicit instruction 9.3.3The I - I - I - I teaching methodology 9.4Limitations of this study 9.5Suggestions for future study REFERENCES INDEX