1. Functional Opposition in Jakobsonian Phonology 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Theoretical hypothesis and research questions 1.3 Research methodology and the structure of this book 1.4 Primary and secondary sources of this study 1.4.1 Primary sources 1.4.2 Secondary sources 1.4.3 Languages of Jakobson's text 2. Before Jakobson's Phoneme: The Linguistic and Extralinguistic Prelude in the Moscow Years 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Lazarev linguistic and philological traditions 2.3 Artistic innovations 2.4 Xlebnikov and the contrastive pairs 2.5 The roots of Jakobson's linguistic thoughts 3. Functional Opposition, Phoneme and Phonology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Jakobsonian phonology and its social background 3.2.1 The Prague and Brno vears 3.2.2 The Nordic years 3.2.3 The American years 3.3 Jakobson's earliest attempts at the phonetics-phonology distinction 3.4 The context of the phoneme: Phonology the name vs. phonology the essence 3.4.1 Jakobson's phonology: The Saussurian label of the science 3.4.2 Jakobson's phonology: The Kazan label of the science 3.5 Jakobson's phonology: Standardization and practice 3.6 Functionalism and phoneme 3.7 Jakobson's earliest use of the term phoneme 3.8 Sources of the term phoneme 3.8.1 Phoneme in the pre-structuralist texts 3.8.2 Phoneme: Influence from the Kazan School 3.8.3 The controversy of Saussure's Phoneme 3.9 Definitions and characteristics of Jakobson's phoneme 3.9.1 Jakobson's phoneme (1929-1932) 3.9.2 Jakobson's phoneme (1939-1942) 3.10 Summary 4. The Abstraction of Phoneme: Correlation and Archiphoneme 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The source of phonological correlation disjunction 4.3 Archiphoneme: An attempt at the unit above the phoneme 4.3.1 Jakobson's earliest attempt at archiphoneme 4.3.2 Common core of correlative phonemes:A possible psycholog interpretation 4.3.3 A comparison to Bloomfield's archiphoneme 4.3.4 A functional analysis of archiphoneme 4.3.5 From above the phoneme to below the phoneme 4.4 Between the phonemes: Phoneme combination rules 4.4.1 General laws that govern the correlations 4.4.2 Phonemic combination rules for a specific language 4.4.3 The possibility of general laws of phonemic combinations 4.5 Summary 5. Below the Phoneme: The Structure of the Phoneme and the Quest for the Distinctive Features 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Jakobson's earliest attempts at the distinctive features 5.3 The source of the English term "distinctive feature" 5.3.1 The terms "distinctive" and "feature" mentioned by Sapir 5.3.2 Bloomfield's distinctive feature 5.3.3 The denial of the linguistic importance of"feature" in Grundziige 5.4 The necessity of sub-phonemic entities 5.4.1 Sub-phonemic entities and the economy in phonologic analysis 5.4.2 The problem of correlation in phonemic oppositions 5.5 The earliest distinctive features 5.5.1 Acute vs. grave 5.5.2 Posterior vs. anterior 5.5.3 Strident vs. mellow 5.5.4 Other types of oppositions 6. Coda: Functional Opposition in the Key Issues of Distinctive Features 6.1 Introduction 6.2 A different approach: Hockett's approximations to sub-phoncnic entities 6.3 Functionalism and the axis of simultaneity 6.4 The binary issue 6.5 The quest for the appropriate numbers of distinctive features 6.6 Summary Bibliography Index
