Dedication
Acknowledgements
How to Use this Book
1.GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MICROORGANISMS
Ⅰ.The Microbial World
Ⅱ.Host—Parasite Relationship
Ⅲ.Sterilization and Disinfection
Review Test
2.BACTERIA
Ⅰ.Bacterial Structure
Ⅱ.Bacterial Growth and Replication
Ⅲ.Bacterial Viruses
Ⅳ.Genetics
Ⅴ.Bacterial Pathogenesis
Ⅵ.Host Defenses to Bacteria
Ⅶ.Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Review Test
3.IMPORTANT BACTERIAL GENERA
Ⅰ.Clinical Laboratory Identification
Ⅱ.Introduction to Major Bacterial Genera
Ⅲ.Gram—Positive Bacteria
Ⅳ.Gram—Negative Bacteria
Ⅴ.Poorly Gram—Staining Bacteria
Review Test
4.BACTERIAL DISEASES
Ⅰ.Major Recurring Species
Ⅱ.Eye Infections
Ⅲ.Dental Disease
Ⅳ.Ear and Sinus Infections
Ⅴ.Bacterial Pharyngitis
Ⅵ.Infections of the Respiratory System
Ⅶ.Pneumonia／Pneumonitis
Ⅷ.Nervous System Infections： Meningitis
Ⅸ.Nervous System Infections： Nonmeningitis Conditions
Ⅹ.Cardiovascular Infections： Vasculitis
Ⅺ.Cardiovascular Infections： Endocarditis
Ⅻ.Cardiovascular： Myocarditis
ⅩⅢ.Gastrointestinal Infections
ⅩⅣ.Urinary Tract Infections
ⅩⅤ.Skin， Mucosal， Soft Tissue， and Bone Infections
ⅩⅥ.Sexually Transmitted Infections （STls）
ⅩⅦ.Pregnancy， Congenital， and Perinatal Infections
ⅩⅧ.Arthropod—Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
ⅩⅨ.Bacterial Vaccines
Review Test
5.VIRUSES
Ⅰ.Nature of Human Viruses
Ⅱ.Viral Classification
Ⅲ.Viral Replication and Genetics
Ⅳ.Viral Pathogenesis
Ⅴ.Host Defenses to Viruses
Ⅵ.Immunotherapy， Antivirals， and Interferon
Ⅶ.Diagnostic Virology
Ⅷ.DNA Viruses
Ⅸ.RNA Viruses
Ⅹ.Slow Viruses and Prions
Ⅺ.Oncogenic Viruses
Review Test
6.SYSTEM—BASED AND SITUATIONAL VIRAL INFECTIONS
Ⅰ.Eye Infections
Ⅱ.Ear Infections
Ⅲ.Upper Respiratory Tract （Mouth and Ihroat） Infections
Ⅳ.Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Ⅴ.Gastrointestinal Infections
Ⅵ.Liver Infection
Ⅶ.Urinary Tractlnfections （UTIs）
Ⅷ.Cardiovascular Infections
Ⅸ.Nervous System Infections
Ⅹ.Skin， Mucosal， and Soft Tissue Infections
Ⅺ.Childhood Infections
Ⅻ.Congenital and Neonatal Infections
ⅩⅢ.Sexually Transmitted Diseases
ⅩⅣ.Postinfectious Disease
ⅩⅤ.Organ Transplant—Associated Diseases
ⅩⅥ.Arboviral and Zoonotic Diseases
Review Test
7.MYCOLOGY
Ⅰ.Overview of Fungi
Ⅱ.Fungal Groups
Ⅲ.Overview of Fungal Diseases
Ⅳ.Diagnosis of Fungallnfections
Ⅴ.Antifungal Drugs
Review Test
8.FUNGAL DISEASES
Ⅰ.Superficial Skin Infections
Ⅱ.Cutaneous Mycoses
Ⅲ.Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Ⅳ.Subcutaneous Mycoses
Ⅴ.Pneumonias／Systemic Mycoses： Pathogens
Ⅵ.Opportunistic Mycoses
Ⅶ.Tables for Self—Testing
Review Test
9.PARASITOLOGY
Ⅰ.Characteristics of Parasites and Their Hosts
Ⅱ.Protozoan Parasites
Ⅲ.Worms
Review Test
10.PARASITIC DISEASES
Review Test
11.CLUES FOR DISTINGUISHING CAUSATIVE INFECTIOUS AGENTS （SYSTEMS APPROACH）
Ⅰ.Conjunctivitis
Ⅱ. Pneumonias
Ⅲ.Diarrheas and Dysentery
Ⅳ.Acute Meningitis
Ⅴ.Bacterial and Viral Skin Infection and Rashes
Ⅵ. Genitourinary Tract Infections
Ⅶ.System Summaries oflnfectious Agents
A.Characteristics of Important Causes of Encephalitis
B.Characteristics of Important Causes of Meningitis
C.Characteristics of Important Causes of Pneumonia
D.Characteristics of Important Causes of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
E. Characteristics oflmportant Causes of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Review Test
12.IMMUNOLOGY
Ⅰ.Overview
Ⅱ.Non—Specific Barriers
Ⅲ.Inflammation and Soluble Factors
Ⅳ.Mediators of Inflammation and Immunity
Ⅴ.Innate Immunity
Ⅵ.Antibodies
Ⅶ.Properties of Antibodies
Ⅷ.Immunogenetics
Ⅸ.Adaptive Immunity
Ⅹ.Response to Antigen
Ⅺ.Immunologic Assays
Ⅻ.Clinical Immunological Disorders
Review Test
Comprehensive Examination： Block I
Comprehensive Examination： Block 2
Comprehensive Examination： Block 3
Comprehensive Examination： Block 4
Index
摘要
b. Following ingestion of contaminated water or food, cholera has an abrupt onset ofintense vomiting and diarrhea as the key finding.Copious fluid loss (is t020 L/d) leads to clear stools with flecks of mucus and to rapid metabolic acidosis and hypovolemic shock.It results in remission or death after 2 or 3 days.
c.Lab ID: diagnosed by clinical manifestations, combined with a history of residence in or a recent visit to an endemic area.The organism appears in the stool and can be identified by FA staining.
d.Treatment: treated with prompt replacement of fluids and electrolytes； the patient should appear healthier within l t03 hours.Proper therapy reduces the fatality rate from 60% to 1%.Tetracycline should be given to reduce ongoing stoolvolume and infectivity； if antibiotics are not given, the patient will recover but will shed organisms for as long as l year.
e. Other Vibrio agents:
(1) Vibrio parahaemolyticus, also a marine organism in contaminated shellfish, causes relatively mild gastroenteritis.
(2) Vibrio vu/nificus contaminates some Gulf of Mexico oyster beds in late summer.It is found in oysters and causes relatively mild gastroenteritis except in people with liver disease who develop serious septicemia.It also causes a serious cellulitis in cuts from shucking contaminated oysters.
