Unit 1 Introduction to Scientific Management Additional Reading The Scientific Method and Model Classification Unit 2 Skills of an Effective Administrator Additional Reading Management and leadership Unit 3 Maximizing Shareholder Wealth as the Primary Goal-Foundation Concept Additional Reading Maximization of Shareholder Wealth——Managerial Strategies Unit 4 Alternative Strategies of PepsiCo Additional Reading Converting Strategy to Operational Reality Unit 5 Total Quality and Management Additional Reading Harley-Davidson's Near Death and Quality Rebirth Unit 6 About consumer behavior Additional Reading "Touchy-Feely" Research into Consumer Motivations Unit 7 Nike: It's Not So Much the Shoes But Where They Take You Additional Reading Great Salespeople: Drive, Discipline, and Relationship-Building Skills Unit 8 Logistics Management Additional Reading Price Competition in logistics Unit 9 Human Resource Management: an overview Additional Reading Tomorrow's HR Today New Management Practices Unit 10 Personality and Organizational Behavior Additional Reading Policies and Organization in the UPS Unit 11 Performance Appraisal Additional Reading Establishing Balance Scorecards Unit 12 Five Techniques for Full-cycle Cost Management Additional Reading Managing Operations Unit 13 Emergency of Information System Additional Reading The Value and Cost of Information Unit 14 What's Electronic Commerce? Additional Reading Electronic Payment Unit 15 Type and Patterns of Innovation Additional Reading Going Solo and Collaboration Unit 16 Introduction to Risk Additional Reading Risk Retention Appendix I Reference Translation of Texts Appendix II Key to the Exercise Appendix III Tapescripts Appendix IV Glossary
摘要
4. Functional group management. This technique consists of breaking the production process into autonomous groups and treating each as a profit center. There are two reasons for doing so. First, the switch to profit as opposed to cost centers allows the groups to increase the throughput of their production processes even if those changes result in higher costs. The second motivation is the change in mindset that functional group management induces. Converting the production lines to profit centers helps the groups to better understand their contribution to the company's overall profitability1. The production process at Tatsuno was broken into ten autonomous groups. By finding ways to increase their output levels, those groups were able to generate additional revenues and greater profits. When the capacity of the factory is increased, real performance of the factory will be improved. 5. Product costing. This technique helps coordinate the efforts of the other four techniques by providing them with important, up-to-date information. The process consists of three major functions. The first is to determine if new products are indeed being manufactured at their target costs. The second is to ensure that the production processes are operating at the expected level of efficiency. And the third is to identify unprofitable products for further action, such as replacement or aggressive cost reductions. ……
