数权时代

本书聚焦数据领域的发展现状与未来趋势，探讨了数据对经济、社会、科技等多方面的影响。围绕数权的博弈将会体现在国家的制度设计、战略规划等各方面。对数据要素市场化配置的诉求也进一步涌现，形成了诸多新兴的研究议题。未来，数据技术或将基于生物信息、量子计算、知识工程等实现变革与创新。
本书分三大部分。第一部分探讨了数权背景下的国际博弈与国家治理等议题。第二部分关注数据与经济、生活间的关系，并探讨了数据助力社会与环境可持续发展的愿景及带来的挑战。第三部分探讨了智能分析、决策智能、DNA存储、量子计算、隐私计算等与数据相关的前沿技术。
本书将围绕未来世界如何被数据改变这一主题进行全方位的探讨。

火雪挺，工学硕士，16年数据领域相关工作经验资深数据专家，16年来从事过数据开发、数据分析、数据运营、数据审计、数据技术咨询、大数据解决方案架构、数据及AI项目经理、数字化转型项目咨询等全链路数据相关的工作岗位。精通大数据及人工智能领域解决方案工作，擅长数字化转型规划咨询、大数据与人工智能相关技术咨询与架构工作、数据治理相关咨询工作等先后在腾讯、IBM、安永EY、HP等互联网、科技企业、咨询公司工作，现任腾讯公司CSIG云与智慧产业事业群12级专家架构师，代表腾讯云大数据平台产品中心首席架构师腾讯研究院的特约研究员腾讯企业标准专家库成员参与国际、国家及行业各项大数据相关的标准、能力模型的建设和制定工作，包括ITU数据中台标准、信通院政务大数据能力模型、北京市大数据行动计划、广电大数据标准工作、中国金融科技发展报告2022等创建并经营各类自媒体平台内容，包括微信公众号、微信视频号、知乎专栏、抖音等，面向大众、行业从业者及潜在客户分享个人的知识与经验加入腾讯公司后，成为"腾研识者”计划的一份子，为腾讯研究院对外传播和推广的需要撰写文章

第一部分 数权世界
第1 章 被解放的数据 ···························································.2
1.1 数据的定义 ·································································.2
1.2 数据被赋予的意义 ························································.2
1.2.1 古人对数据的运用 ·······················································.3
1.2.2 数据是第五个生产要素 ··················································.4
1.3 如何理解数据生产力 ·····················································.8
1.3.1 不断增长的劳动对象：爆炸的数据 ·····································.8
1.3.2 不断革新的劳动资料：数字化机器 ·····································.9
1.3.3 被解放的劳动者：数据驱动的创新个体 ·······························.10
1.3.4 重构的数字化组织：数据密集型与平台型生态组织 ··················.11
1.4 数据是一种新的资产 ····················································.12
1.4.1 从资源到资产 ···························································.12
1.4.2 数据资产的分类 ·························································.14
第2 章 数据权利与数据权力 ·················································.17
2.1 个人的数据权利 ··························································.17
2.1.1 张弛有度的个人数据权利 ··············································.17
2.1.2 未来如何主张个人数据的财产权利 ····································.20
2.1.3 体内的数权之争 ·························································.26
2.2 组织的数权 ································································.30
2.2.1 组织的数据的财产性权利 ··············································.30
2.2.2 组织的数据的基本使用权利 ············································.32
2.3 数据即权力 ································································.33
2.3.1 数据如何成为一种权力 ·················································.34
2.3.2 滥用数据权力的危险性 ·················································.35
2.3.3 避免数据权力的垄断 ···················································.36
2.3.4 数据权力的民主集中制 ·················································.39
第3 章 建立数权新秩序 ·······················································.42
3.1 全球数据竞争态势 ·······················································.42
3.1.1 大国数据战略的竞争 ···················································.42
3.1.2 大国数据法治的博弈 ···················································.45
3.2 围绕数据主权的争夺 ····················································.47
3.2.1 数据主权 ································································.47
3.2.2 国际数据主权的博弈 ···················································.50
3.3 捍卫数据主权的国家数据治理观 ····································.53
3.3.1 数据本地化：数据主权的一种表达与落地 ····························.53
3.3.2 反对一切形式的数据霸权 ··············································.58
3.4 可持续的数权秩序：数字命运共同体 ······························.60
3.4.1 警惕数字现实政治的陷阱 ··············································.60
3.4.2 数字空间的命运共同体 ·················································.61
第4 章 数据与国家 ·····························································.63
4.1 数据开放与国家治理 ····················································.63
4.1.1 政府公共数据 ···························································.63
4.1.2 数据开放助力国家治理 ·················································.65
4.1.3 数据开放或带来平等的数据权利·······································.66
4.1.4 数据开放将改变政府的治理模式·······································.68
4.2 跨境流通与国家外交 ····················································.69
4.2.1 数据对外开放 ···························································.69
4.2.2 数据跨境流通 ···························································.70
4.2.3 警惕不对称的数据外交 ·················································.74
4.2.4 数据圈 ···································································.77
4.3 数据安全与国家安全 ····················································.81
4.3.1 企业数据与国家安全 ···················································.81
4.3.2 数据安全不容忽视 ······················································.86
第二部分 数据、经济与生活
第5 章 重识数据资产化 ·······················································.90
5.1 数据资产 ···································································.91
5.1.1 数据资产的概念 ·························································.91
5.1.2 辩证看待数据资产的特性 ··············································.92
5.1.3 数据资产的形式 ·························································.92
5.1.4 数据资产的价值创造 ···················································.94
5.1.5 数据资产的保值与增值 ·················································.98
5.2 数据资产管理 ···························································.100
5.2.1 数据资产管理的现状与愿景 ··········································.100
5.2.2 数据资产的计量 ·······················································.104
5.2.3 数据资产的确权 ························································.114
5.3 数据资产交付 ···························································.122
5.3.1 三种不同的交付形式 ·················································.123
5.3.2 三种不同的交付主体 ·················································.123
第6 章 初探数据经济学 ·····················································.125
6.1 数据资产金融化 ························································.125
6.1.1 市场基础：数据资产市场 ············································.125
6.1.2 技术基础：非同质化通证 ············································.127
6.1.3 数据资产金融化应用：数字藏品·····································.128
6.2 数据货币化 ······························································.129
6.2.1 向基于数据的市场转变 ···············································.129
6.2.2 用“数据”支付 ·······················································.131
6.3 数据资本化 ······························································.134
6.3.1 金融资本的衰落 ·······················································.134
6.3.2 数据资本的崛起 ·······················································.135
6.4 大胆的构想：石油美元、人民币碳与“数据人民币” ·······.136
6.4.1 石油美元体系 ·························································.137
6.4.2 人民币碳体系 ·························································.138
6.4.3 数据人民币体系 ·······················································.141
第7 章 数据驱动的“善”与“恶” ······································.143
7.1 数据驱动 ·································································.143
7.1.1 数据驱动的必要性 ····················································.143
7.1.2 数据驱动的局限性 ····················································.144
7.1.3 数据驱动的文化 ·······················································.145
7.2 数据驱动带来的新问题 ···············································.146
7.2.1 数字泰勒主义 ·························································.146
7.2.2 数据与算法歧视 ·······················································.147
7.2.3 流量至上 ······························································.148
7.3 数据驱动与科技向善 ··················································.149
7.3.1 科技向善的愿景 ·······················································.149
7.3.2 “后数据驱动时代”的去算法化尝试 ·································.149
7.3.3 数据驱动的公平与效率 ···············································.151
7.4 绿色数据：比特与瓦特的平衡······································.152
7.4.1 碳中和：人类共同的目标 ············································.152
7.4.2 数据与碳排放 ·························································.153
7.4.3 比特与瓦特的平衡 ····················································.154
第8 章 学会与数据一起生活 ···············································.161
8.1 别让数据和算法决定我们的生活 ··································.161
8.1.1 生活被数据和算法所改变 ············································.161
8.1.2 24 小时运行的智能盒子 ··············································.163
8.1.3 抢占注意力 ····························································.166
8.1.4 负面影响一：人类基本能力的消逝 ··································.168
8.1.5 负面影响二：“信息茧房”效应 ······································.170
8.1.6 人们该如何应对 ·······················································.172
8.2 跳出“数据盒子” ·····················································.175
8.2.1 “用数据说话”并不是中立的 ········································.175
8.2.2 技术是发明者意志的产物 ············································.176
8.2.3 警惕新的思维定式 ····················································.177
8.3 数字个体：一种新的生活方式······································.178
8.3.1 自由连接的数字个体 ·················································.178
8.3.2 数字个体经纪人 ·······················································.179
8.4 元宇宙中的数据观 ·····················································.181
8.4.1 元宇宙：生活数字化 ·················································.181
8.4.2 元宇宙中的数据挑战 ·················································.184
8.4.3 数据大爆炸定律 ·······················································.187
8.4.4 数据银行与数据信托的出现 ··········································.188
第三部分 数据技术的未来
第9 章 不断创新的数据技术 ···············································.191
9.1 DNA 存储技术 ·························································.191
9.1.1 DNA 中存储着大量的信息 ···········································.191
9.1.2 二进制信号与DNA 的结合 ···········································.192
9.2 进击的量子计算 ························································.194
9.2.1 量子力学 ······························································.194
9.2.2 量子信息 ······························································.195
9.3 隐私计算技术 ···························································.200
9.3.1 什么是隐私计算 ·······················································.200
9.3.2 多方安全计算 ·························································.202
9.3.3 可信执行环境 ·························································.207
9.3.4 数据结合区块链：未来的数链通平台 ·······························.209
第10 章 不断演进的数据分析 ···············································.211
10.1 数据分析与知识洞察 ·················································.211
10.1.1 从BI 到BAI ··························································.211
10.1.2 下一代智能分析 ·····················································.213
10.1.3 知识图谱 ·····························································.224
10.2 未来的决策智能 ······················································.227
10.2.1 管理就是决策 ························································.227
10.2.2 新的决策问题 ························································.228
10.2.3 决策的分类 ···························································.229
10.2.4 决策支持系统 ························································.230
10.2.5 未来的集成决策智能 ················································.235
后记 ·················································································.236