美国语文读本(2)

This series of schoolbooks teaching reading and moral precepts, originally prepared by William Holmes who was a professor at Miami University McGuffey, had a profound influence on public education in the United States. The eclectic readers, meaning that the selections were chosen from a number of sources, were considered remarkably literary works and probably exerted a greater influence upon literary tastes in the United States more than any other book, excluding the Bible. It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey's Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. Since 1961 they have continued to sell at a rate of some 30,000 copies a year. No other textbook bearing a single person's name has come close to that mark. McGuffey's Readers are still in use today in some school systems, and by parents for home schooling purposes. The second reader appeared simultaneously with the first and followed the same pattern. It contained reading and spelling with eighty-five lessons, sixteen pictures and one-hundred sixty-six pages. It outlined history, biology, astronomy, zoology, botany; table manners, behavior towards family, attitudes toward God and teachers, the poor; the great and the good. The duties of youth are stressed. Millions of pioneer men and women were alumni of this second reader college, they were able to read and write English.

威廉·H·麦加菲，美国著名教育家。1800年出生于宾夕法尼亚州，1826年毕业于华盛顿大学杰斐逊学院。在数十年教育生涯中，他曾担任过迈阿密大学语言学教授，俄亥俄大学校长。自1845年开始任弗吉尼亚大学道德哲学教授。他还帮助组建了俄亥俄州公立学校体系。 早在19世纪初期，麦加菲就意识到，应该给那些孤独的垦荒者和欧洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育，于是他利用自己作为演讲家与教育工作者的天赋，开始为孩子们编写系列教材。这套教材共7册，从学龄前至第6年级。他前后花费了20多年的时间才完成全套教材的编写。这套教材面世后就被美国很多学校选为课本。在75年间销量高达1.22亿，直到今天仍以各种版本流行于西方，被美国《出版周刊》评为“人类出版史上第三大畅销书”，对美国青年的心灵塑造与道德培养产生了史无前例的影响。

LESSON 1 EVENING AT HOME LESSON 2 BUBBLES LESSON 3 WILLIE’S LETTER LESSON 4 THE LITTLE STAR LESSON 5 TWO DOGS LESSON 6 AFRAID IN THE DARK LESSON 7 BABY BYE LESSON 8 PUSS AND HER KITTENS LESSON 9 KITTY AND MOUSIE LESSON 10 AT WORK LESSON 11 WHAT A BIRD TAUGHT LESSON 12 SUSIE SUNBEAM LESSON 13 IF I WERE A SUNBEAM LESSON 14 HENRY, THE BOOTBLACK LESSON 15 DON’T WAKE THE BABY LESSON 16 A KIND BROTHER LESSON 17 MY GOOD-FOR-NOTHING LESSON 18 THE KINGBIRD LESSON 19 EVENING HYMN LESSON 20 THE QUARREL LESSON 21 THE BEE LESSON 22 THE SONG OF THE BEE LESSON 23 THE TORN DOLL LESSON 24 SHEEP-SHEARING LESSON 25 THE CLOUDS LESSON 26 PATTY AND THE SQUIRREL LESSON 27 THE SPARROW LESSON 28 SAM AND HARRY LESSON 29 THE LITTLE HILL LESSON 30 THE BOAT UPSET LESSON 31 MARY’S LETTER LESSON 32 THE TIGER LESSON 33 THE FIRESIDE LESSON 34 BIRDIE’S MORNING SONG LESSON 35 WILLIE AND BOUNCE LESSON 36 WILLIE AND BOUNCE (CONCLUDED) LESSON 37 THE KITCHEN CLOCK LESSON 38 THE NEW SCALES LESSON 39 THE BEAR AND THE CHILDREN LESSON 40 THE LITTLE HAREBELL LESSON 41 THE FISHHAWK LESSON 42 WHAT THE LEAF SAID LESSON 43 THE WIND AND THE LEAVES LESSON 44 MAMMA’S PRESENT LESSON 45 MARY’S STORY LESSON 46 RALPH WICK LESSON 47 COASTING DOWN THE HILL LESSON 48 THE FOX AND THE DUCKS LESSON 49 PRETTY IS THAT PRETTY DOES LESSON 50 THE STORY-TELLER LESSON 51 THE STORY TELLER (CONCLUDED) LESSON 52 THE OWL LESSON 53 THE OWL (CONCLUDED) LESSON 54 GRANDFATHER’S STORY LESSON 55 GOD IS GREAT AND GOOD LESSON 56 A GOOD OLD MAN LESSON 57 THE GREEDY GIRL LESSON 58 A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING LESSON 59 MY MOTHER LESSON 60 THE BROKEN WINDOW LESSON 61 THE BROKEN WINDOW (CONCLUDED) LESSON 62 FRANK AND THE HOURGLASS LESSON 63 MARCH LESSON 64 JENNY’S CALL LESSON 65 POOR DAVY LESSON 66 ALICE’S SUPPER LESSON 67 A SNOWSTORM LESSON 68 BESSIE LESSON 69 BESSIE (CONCLUDED) LESSON 70 CHEERFULNESS LESSON 71 LULLABY