Michael Byram is Professor of Education at Durham University, England. He studied French, German and Danish at King's College Cambridge, and wrote a PhD on Danish literature. He then taught French and German at secondary school level and in adult education in an English comprehensive school. Since being appointed to a post in teacher education at Durham in 1980, he has carried out research into the education of linguistic minorities, foreign language education and student residence abroad. His books include Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence (1997) and he is the editor of the Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning. He is also an Adviser to the Council of Europe Language Policy Division.
目录
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Part 1: Foreign Language Education
Purposes
Foreign Language Education in Context
Defining Foreign Language Education
Foreign Language Education Policies
Evaluation and Planning of Foreign Language Education
Policies for Plurilingual Learners in Multilingual Environments.
Purposes for Foreign Language Education
The Benefits of Foreign Language Education
Purposes and Policies: Three Cases
Possibilities
Is Language Learning Possible at School?
The Ambitions of Policy-makers
Defining and Comparing 'Success' .
Expectations at the End of Compulsory Education
Matching Policies with Possibilities
The Intercultural Speaker: Acting Interculturally or Being
Bicultural
Being Bicultural
Acting Interculturally
A Comparison of Being Bicultural and Acting Interculturally..
5 Intercultural Competence and Foreign Language Learning in the Primary School
Context and Content
Learning Foreign Languages and Cultures in Primary Education
Teachers of Language and Culture in Primary Education
Curriculum Planning and Teaching Materials
Conclusion
Analysis and Advocacy: Researching the Cultural Dimensions of
Foreign Language Education
Analysis and Advocacy
Analysis of Culture Learning and Language Learning
Advocating Directions for Culture Learning
Perspectives
Nationalism and Internationalism in Language Education
'Language Educators'.
Foreign Language Educators
Education In and Beyond the Nation State
Socialisation and Social Identity
National and International Identities
Languages and Identities in the Curriculum
Language Learning in Europe
A Political Aspiration
European Identity as a Social Identity?
Language and Identity
Socialisation
European Identity and Language Learning
Foreign Language Teaching as Political Action
Education for Teachers of Languages
Education for Teacher Educators?
Part 2: Intercultural Citizenship Education
10 Language Education, Political Education and Intercultural
Citizenship
Politische Bildung
Critical Cultural Awareness
Conceptual and Linguistic Relativism
Communication in Transnational Communities
Ethical Dimensions of Education for Intercultural Citizenship.
11 Education for Intercultural Citizenship
A Framework for Political and Language Education
Education for Intercultural Citizenship
12 Policies for Intercultural Citizenship Education
Citizens and Their Communities
Education for Citizenship beyond the Nation State: Europe . .
13 Curricula for Intercultural Citizenship Education
Transnational Political Activity in Education
Levels of 'ActIng Interculturally'.
14 Assessment and/or Evaluation of Intercultural Competence and
Intercultural Citizenship
'Assessment' and 'Evaluation' .
Attributing Value
Portfolios and Profiles
Conclusion
Appendix 1: Intercultural Competence
Appendix 2: Sources for Teacher Training for Intercultural Competence
Appendix 3: Framework for Intercultural Citizenship
Appendix 4: Autobiography of Intercultural Encounters
Notes
References