本书作者克里斯多夫·威廉姆斯(Christopher Williams)教授于1974年毕业于英国伦敦威斯敏斯特大学,主修现代语言专业,毕业后移居意大利。目前,威廉姆斯教授任职于意大利福贾大学法学院,并担任学校语言中心主任一职。此外,威廉姆斯教授担任ESP Across Cultures杂志主编,且同时为一系列国际杂志担任编委。近年,威廉姆斯将研究重心延伸至法律英语领域,尤其针对不同国家规范性法律文本中的动词结构展开了全面的梳理和深入的比较研究,并形成众多具有参考价值的科研成果。主要成果包括:
1. Pragmatic and cross-cultural considerations in translating verbal constructions in prescriptive legal texts in English and Italian.
2. Legal English and plain language: an introduction.
3. Vagueness in legal texts: is there a future for 'shall'?
4. Changing the rules: a comparison of recent trends in English in academic scientific discourse and prescriptive legal discourse.
5. Fuzziness in legal English: what shall we do with 'shall'?
6. Questions of style: legal drafting manuals and scientific style manuals in contemporary English.
7. And yet it moves: recent developments in plain legal English in the UK.
8. Legal English or legal Englishes? Differences in drafting techniques in the English-s
目录
Foreword
Introduction
Ⅰ.Legal Language and Prescriptive Legal Texts
1.Prescriptive v.descriptive legal texts
2.Legal Language, legal systems and the English-speaking world
3.The specificities of prescriptive legal texts in English
3.1.Archaic or rarely used words and expressions
3.2.Foreign words and expressions, especially Latinisms
3.3.Frequent repetition of particular words, expressions and syntactic structures
3.4.Long, plex sentences, with intricate patterns of coordination and subordination
3.5.Frequent use of passive constructions
3.6.Impersonal style
4.The structure of prescriptive legal texts
4.1.Preliminary provisions
4.2.Principal provisions.
4.3.Final provisions
Ⅱ.The Linguistic and Pragmatic Functions of Prescriptive Legal Texts
1.Speech act theory, performativity and enactment
2.The municative function and the pragmatic function of prescriptive legal texts
3.Vagueness v.precision
Ⅲ Tense, Aspect and Modality in Prescriptive Legal Texts in English
1.Tense, aspect and modality: introduction
1.1.Tense
1.2.Aspect
1.3.Modality
2.The temporal dimension of prescriptive legal texts
2.1.Sunset legislation
Ⅳ.The 'World Data' Corpus
1.Criteria for selecting the 'World data
Ⅴ.Verbal Constructions in Prescriptive Legal Texts
1.Finite verbal constructions: introduction
2.Modals and semi-modals
2.1.Shall
2.2.May
2.3.Must
2.4.Should
2.5.W
2.6.Be to
2.7.Would
2.8.Ca
2.9.Could
2.10.Other modals and semi-modals
2.10.1.Might
2.10.2.Need not
2.10.3.Have to
3.Mood
3.1.Imperatives
3.2.Subjunctives
4.Indicative forms
4.1.Present simple
4.2.Present perfect
4.3.Past simple
4.4.Present progressive
4.5.Past perfect
5.Voice: Passive v.active form
6.Non-finite verbal constructions
6.1.Non-finite-ing forms
6.2.Non-finite-ed participles
6.3.Infinitives
7.Concluding remarks
Ⅵ.The Future of Legal Texts in English
and possible effects on verbal constructions
1.The Plain Language Movement
1.1. The United Kingdom
1.2. Eire
1.3. The European Union
1.4. The United States
1.5. Canada
1.6. Australia
1.7. New Zealand
1.8. South Africa
2.Plain Language proposals for reforming legal texts...
2.1. Possible effects on verbal constructions: the end of shall?
2.2. Shall-free data
2.2.1. New South Wales Local Government Act 1993
2.2.2. South African Constitution 1997
Ⅶ.Conclusions
References
Index