材料科学与工程导论(双语高等学校教材)

由陈克正、王玮、刘春延等编写的《材料科学与工程导论(双语)》是材 料科学与工程导论的双语教材，以现行“材料科学与工程导论”课程标准为 依据，结合中文教材，以国外原版教材做参考并根据国内的教学情况及材料 科学研究的最新进展对教材内容进行适度的整合。全书共分9章，具体内容 包括：绪论，固体材料的结构，常用工程材料(高分子材料、金属材料、陶 瓷材料和复合材料)的结构、力学性能、成分、加工工艺以及应用前景，常 用工程材料的化学性能(耐腐蚀性能)和物理性能(电、磁、热和光学性能)以 及新型材料(生物材料、纳米材料和智能材料)的介绍等内容。 《材料科学与工程导论(双语)》可供大专院校材料科学与工程及相关专 业师生使用，也可供从事材料科学与工程研究、开发及管理的人员参考。

Chapter 1 Introduction1 Learning Objectives1 1.1 Historical Perspective1 1.2 What is Materials Science and Engineering?2 1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?5 1.4 Classification of Materials5 1.5 Advanced Materials9 1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs10 References11 Chapter 2 The Structure of Crystalline Solids13 Learning Objectives13 2.1 Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding13 2.1.1 Fundamental Concepts14 2.1.2 Bonding Forces and Energies14 2.1.3 Atomic Bonding in Solids16 2.2 Crystal Structures22 2.2.1 Fundamental Concepts22 2.2.2 Metallic Crystal Structures and Crystal Systems23 2.2.3 Crystallographic Points，Directions，and Planes30 2.2.4 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials37 2.3 Imperfections in Solids40 2.3.1 Point Defects in Metals40 2.3.2 Dislocations—Linear Defects43 2.3.3 Interfacial Defects44 2.3.4 Bulk or Volume Defects46 References48 Chapter 3 Polymer Materials49 Learning Objectives49 3.1 Polymer Structures49 3.1.1 Introduction49 3.1.2 Fundamental Concepts49 3.1.3 Polymer Molecules50 3.1.4 Designation of Polymers50 3.1.5 Commonly Used Polymers51 3.1.6 The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules58 3.2 Crystallization，Melting and Glass Transition Phenomena in Polymers65 3.3 Mechanical Properties of Polymers66 3.3.1 Stress-Strain Behavior67 3.3.2 Macroscopic Deformation68 3.3.3 Viscoelastic Deformation70 3.4 Polymer Types71 3.4.1 Plastics71 3.4.2 Elastomers72 3.4.3 Fibers73 3.4.4 Miscellaneous Applications Coatings73 3.5 Processing of Polymers74 3.5.1 Polymerization75 3.5.2 Polymer Additives76 3.5.3 Forming Techniques for Plastics78 3.5.4 Fabrication of Elastomers80 3.5.5 Fabrication of Fibers and Films81 References84 Chapter 4 Metallic Materials85 Learning Objectives85 4.1 Mechanical Properties of Metals85 4.1.1 Introduction85 4.1.2 Tensile Test86 4.1.3 Hardness Testing90 4.2 Dislocations and Strengthening91 4.2.1 The Role of Dislocations91 4.2.2 Work Hardening93 4.2.3 Grain Size Strengthening93 4.2.4 Alloy Hardening94 4.3 Failure96 4.3.1 Introduction96 4.3.2 Fundamentals of Fracture97 4.3.3 Ductile Fracture97 4.3.4 Brittle Fracture98 4.3.5 Fracture Mechanics in Design99 4.3.6 Fracture Toughness100 4.3.7 Fatigue101 4.3.8 Creep101 4.4 Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations in Metals102 4.4.1 Introduction102 4.4.2 Phase Diagrams103 4.4.3 Phase Transformations107 4.5 Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys108 4.5.1 Introduction108 4.5.2 Types of Metal Alloys109 4.5.3 Fabrication of Metals113 4.5.4 Thermal Processing of Metals115 References120 Chapter 5 Ceramic Materials123 Learning Objectives123 5.1 Structures and Properties of Ceramics123 5.1.1 Introduction123 5.1.2 Ceramic Structures123 5.1.3 Mechanical Properties of Ceramics127 5.2 Application and Processing of Ceramics129 5.2.1 Types and Applications of Ceramics129 5.2.2 Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics131 References136 Chapter 6 Composite Materials137 Learning Objectives137 6.1 Introduction137 6.2 Particle-Reinforced Composites138 6.2.1 Large-Particle Composites139 6.2.2 Dispersion-Strengthened Composites140 6.3 Fiber-Reinforced Composites140 6.3.1 The Fiber Phase140 6.3.2 The Matrix Phase141 6.4 Polymer-Matrix Composites142 6.4.1 Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(GFRP)Composites142 6.4.2 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)Composites143 6.4.3 Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites143 6.5 Metal-Matrix Composites145 6.6 Ceramic-Matrix Composites146 References149 Chapter 7 Corrosion and Degradation of Materials150 Learning Objectives150 7.1 Introduction150 7.2 Corrosion of Metals150 7.2.1 Electrochemical Considerations151 7.2.2 Corrosion Rates153 7.2.3 Passivity153 7.2.4 Environmental Effects153 7.2.5 Forms of Corrosion154 7.2.6 Corrosion Environments158 7.2.7 Corrosion Prevention159 7.3 Corrosion of Ceramic Materials159 7.4 Degradation of Polymers160 7.4.1 Swelling and Dissolution160 7.4.2 Bond Rupture160 7.4.3 Weathering161 References163 Chapter 8 Electrical/Thermal/Magnetic/Optical Properties of Materials164 Learning Objectives164 8.1 Introduction165 8.2 Electrical Properties of Materials165 8.2.1 Metals and Alloys166 8.2.2 Semiconductors167 8.2.3 Ionic Ceramics and Polymers170 8.3 Thermal Properties of Materials170 8.3.1 Heat Capacity170 8.3.2 Thermal Expansion171 8.3.3 Thermal Conductivity172 8.3.4 Thermal Stresses172 8.4 Magnetic Properties of Materials174 8.4.1 Diamagnetism，Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism174 8.4.2 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism177 8.4.3 The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior179 8.4.4 Domains，Hysteresis and Magnetic Anisotropy179 8.4.5 Superconductivity181 8.5 Optical Properties of Materials186 8.5.1 Interaction of Light with Matter186 8.5.2 Atomic and Electronic Interactions187 8.5.3 Refraction，Reflection，Absorption and Transmission190 8.5.4 Opacity and Translucency in Insulators192 8.5.5 Applications of Optical Phenomena192 References197 Chapter 9 Biomaterials/Nanomaterials/Smart Materials198 Learning Objectives198 9.1 Biomaterials198 9.1.1 Definition of Biomaterials199 9.1.2 Performance of Biomaterials202 9.1.3 Brief Historical Background203 9.2 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials205 9.2.1 Introduction205 9.2.2 Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts209 9.3 Smart Materials214 9.3.1 Introduction214 9.3.2 Shape Memory Alloys215 9.3.3 Applications of Smart Materials219 Reference220